Affecting blood, blood forming organs
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| Acer spp. | Maples (A.rubrum = red maple)
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| Acer - animals affected | Equids
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| Acer toxic agent | Strong oxidants in dried leaves
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| Acer clinical signs | hemolytic anemia, Heinz body formation, methemoglobin, icterus
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| Allium spp. | onions and garlic
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| Allium toxic agent | N-propyl disulfide
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| Allium - animals affected | Cattle, horses, sometimes sheep, cats, or dogs
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| Allium lesions | anemia, hemoglobinuria, icterus
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| Melilotus spp. | sweet clover
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| Melilotus toxic agent | Dicoumarol - affects factors II, VII, IX, X
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| Melilotus animals affected | CATTLE, sheep, horses
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| Melilotus signs | SubQ swellings, anemia, weakness, CNS signs, hemorrhage
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| Pteridium aquillinum | Bracken fern
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| Pteridium toxic agent | ptalquiloside (glycosdie)
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| Pteridium animals affected | CATTLE and other ruminants
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| Pteridium lesions | hemorrhage, bone marrow hypoplasia
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| Ascelpius spp. | milkweeds
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| Asclepius toxic agent | cardiac glycosides
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| Asclepius signs | trembling, staggering, mydriasis, repiratory depression
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| Asclepius lesions | Narrow leaf - lung and kidney congestion. Broad leaf - GI tract congestion.
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| Baileya toxic agent | unknown, maybe a sesquiterpene lactone (especially in flower)
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| Baileya animals affected | sheep
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| Baileya clinical signs | anorexia, posterior ataxia, easily audible heart pounding! Red urine, tremors
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| Baileya lesions | widespread hemorrhage of heart, liver, kidneys, GI tract. Ascites, penumonia (no treatment)
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| Datura toxic agent | tropane alkaloids
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| Datura animals affected | All! Humans more frequently
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| Datura signs | mydriasis, twitching, tachycardia, ataxia, paralysis. Death d/t repiratory paralysis. No gross lesions.
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| Datura treatment | Physostigmine
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| Kalanchoe toxic agent | Bufadienolides
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| Kalanchoe signs | cardiac and neuro signs
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| Nerium app. | Oleander
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| Nerium toxic agent | cardiac glycosides similar to digitalis
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| Nerium animals affected | All, esp. Horses
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| Nerium signs | GI signs, trembling, cardiac stimulation, casoconstriction, mydriasis, paralysis, then cardiac depression and death
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| Taxus spp. | Yew
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| Taxus toxic agent | Taxine: an alkaloid. Taxine B more cardiotoxic than Taxine A. T. brevifolia also has glycoside
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| Taxines MOA | cardiac dysrhthymias 2ndary to interference with Na/K exchange system. Taxine B prolongs AV conduction prolonging QRS
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| Taxus animal affected | All
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| Taxus signs | nausea, dizziness, mydriasis, coma. Bradycardia, death d/t respiratory paralysis and diastolic arrest
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| Gossypol MOA | unknown. Appears to affect hemoglobin, PCV, iron absorption, and hemolysis --> congestive heart failure
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| Gossypol animals affected | Swine most sensitive, cattle least
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| Gossypol signs | weakness, lethargy, convulsions, pulmonary edema, poor hair coat, pot-belly. Mature ruminants: reduced milk production, hemoglobinuria, rumen stasis, abomasitis
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