Toxic plants Word Scramble
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| Question | Answer |
| Acer spp. | Maples (A.rubrum = red maple) |
| Acer - animals affected | Equids |
| Acer toxic agent | Strong oxidants in dried leaves |
| Acer clinical signs | hemolytic anemia, Heinz body formation, methemoglobin, icterus |
| Allium spp. | onions and garlic |
| Allium toxic agent | N-propyl disulfide |
| Allium - animals affected | Cattle, horses, sometimes sheep, cats, or dogs |
| Allium lesions | anemia, hemoglobinuria, icterus |
| Melilotus spp. | sweet clover |
| Melilotus toxic agent | Dicoumarol - affects factors II, VII, IX, X |
| Melilotus animals affected | CATTLE, sheep, horses |
| Melilotus signs | SubQ swellings, anemia, weakness, CNS signs, hemorrhage |
| Pteridium aquillinum | Bracken fern |
| Pteridium toxic agent | ptalquiloside (glycosdie) |
| Pteridium animals affected | CATTLE and other ruminants |
| Pteridium lesions | hemorrhage, bone marrow hypoplasia |
| Ascelpius spp. | milkweeds |
| Asclepius toxic agent | cardiac glycosides |
| Asclepius signs | trembling, staggering, mydriasis, repiratory depression |
| Asclepius lesions | Narrow leaf - lung and kidney congestion. Broad leaf - GI tract congestion. |
| Baileya toxic agent | unknown, maybe a sesquiterpene lactone (especially in flower) |
| Baileya animals affected | sheep |
| Baileya clinical signs | anorexia, posterior ataxia, easily audible heart pounding! Red urine, tremors |
| Baileya lesions | widespread hemorrhage of heart, liver, kidneys, GI tract. Ascites, penumonia (no treatment) |
| Datura toxic agent | tropane alkaloids |
| Datura animals affected | All! Humans more frequently |
| Datura signs | mydriasis, twitching, tachycardia, ataxia, paralysis. Death d/t repiratory paralysis. No gross lesions. |
| Datura treatment | Physostigmine |
| Kalanchoe toxic agent | Bufadienolides |
| Kalanchoe signs | cardiac and neuro signs |
| Nerium app. | Oleander |
| Nerium toxic agent | cardiac glycosides similar to digitalis |
| Nerium animals affected | All, esp. Horses |
| Nerium signs | GI signs, trembling, cardiac stimulation, casoconstriction, mydriasis, paralysis, then cardiac depression and death |
| Taxus spp. | Yew |
| Taxus toxic agent | Taxine: an alkaloid. Taxine B more cardiotoxic than Taxine A. T. brevifolia also has glycoside |
| Taxines MOA | cardiac dysrhthymias 2ndary to interference with Na/K exchange system. Taxine B prolongs AV conduction prolonging QRS |
| Taxus animal affected | All |
| Taxus signs | nausea, dizziness, mydriasis, coma. Bradycardia, death d/t respiratory paralysis and diastolic arrest |
| Gossypol MOA | unknown. Appears to affect hemoglobin, PCV, iron absorption, and hemolysis --> congestive heart failure |
| Gossypol animals affected | Swine most sensitive, cattle least |
| Gossypol signs | weakness, lethargy, convulsions, pulmonary edema, poor hair coat, pot-belly. Mature ruminants: reduced milk production, hemoglobinuria, rumen stasis, abomasitis |
Created by:
ferretinmyshoes
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