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Toxic plants
Affecting blood, blood forming organs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Acer spp. | Maples (A.rubrum = red maple) |
Acer - animals affected | Equids |
Acer toxic agent | Strong oxidants in dried leaves |
Acer clinical signs | hemolytic anemia, Heinz body formation, methemoglobin, icterus |
Allium spp. | onions and garlic |
Allium toxic agent | N-propyl disulfide |
Allium - animals affected | Cattle, horses, sometimes sheep, cats, or dogs |
Allium lesions | anemia, hemoglobinuria, icterus |
Melilotus spp. | sweet clover |
Melilotus toxic agent | Dicoumarol - affects factors II, VII, IX, X |
Melilotus animals affected | CATTLE, sheep, horses |
Melilotus signs | SubQ swellings, anemia, weakness, CNS signs, hemorrhage |
Pteridium aquillinum | Bracken fern |
Pteridium toxic agent | ptalquiloside (glycosdie) |
Pteridium animals affected | CATTLE and other ruminants |
Pteridium lesions | hemorrhage, bone marrow hypoplasia |
Ascelpius spp. | milkweeds |
Asclepius toxic agent | cardiac glycosides |
Asclepius signs | trembling, staggering, mydriasis, repiratory depression |
Asclepius lesions | Narrow leaf - lung and kidney congestion. Broad leaf - GI tract congestion. |
Baileya toxic agent | unknown, maybe a sesquiterpene lactone (especially in flower) |
Baileya animals affected | sheep |
Baileya clinical signs | anorexia, posterior ataxia, easily audible heart pounding! Red urine, tremors |
Baileya lesions | widespread hemorrhage of heart, liver, kidneys, GI tract. Ascites, penumonia (no treatment) |
Datura toxic agent | tropane alkaloids |
Datura animals affected | All! Humans more frequently |
Datura signs | mydriasis, twitching, tachycardia, ataxia, paralysis. Death d/t repiratory paralysis. No gross lesions. |
Datura treatment | Physostigmine |
Kalanchoe toxic agent | Bufadienolides |
Kalanchoe signs | cardiac and neuro signs |
Nerium app. | Oleander |
Nerium toxic agent | cardiac glycosides similar to digitalis |
Nerium animals affected | All, esp. Horses |
Nerium signs | GI signs, trembling, cardiac stimulation, casoconstriction, mydriasis, paralysis, then cardiac depression and death |
Taxus spp. | Yew |
Taxus toxic agent | Taxine: an alkaloid. Taxine B more cardiotoxic than Taxine A. T. brevifolia also has glycoside |
Taxines MOA | cardiac dysrhthymias 2ndary to interference with Na/K exchange system. Taxine B prolongs AV conduction prolonging QRS |
Taxus animal affected | All |
Taxus signs | nausea, dizziness, mydriasis, coma. Bradycardia, death d/t respiratory paralysis and diastolic arrest |
Gossypol MOA | unknown. Appears to affect hemoglobin, PCV, iron absorption, and hemolysis --> congestive heart failure |
Gossypol animals affected | Swine most sensitive, cattle least |
Gossypol signs | weakness, lethargy, convulsions, pulmonary edema, poor hair coat, pot-belly. Mature ruminants: reduced milk production, hemoglobinuria, rumen stasis, abomasitis |