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Med Language Ch. 14
Endocrinology - Turley
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocrinology | the study of an organ or gland within the body that secretes hormones |
| home/o- | same |
| -stasis- | condition of standing still |
| -crine | a thing that secretes |
| homeostasis | a state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body |
| hypothalamus | releases hormones that stimulate or inhibits the release of hormones from the pituitary gland |
| pituitary gland | "master gland" - anterior secrets seven hormones whose effects are felt throughout the body, posterior secretes two hormones |
| pineal gland | secretes melatonin which regulates the wake/sleep cycle - found in the brain between the two lobes of the thalamus |
| thyroid gland | found in the neck - secretes three hormones which control cellular metabolism and calcium levels in the blood |
| parathyroid glands | four glands found on the posterior of the thyroid, regulate the amount of calcium in the blood (opposite effect of calcitonin from thyroid) |
| thymus | posterior to sternum - secretes thymosins which cause immature t-cells to develop and mature |
| pancreas | secretes three hormones from the Islets of Langerhans - glucagon, insulin and somatostatin |
| insulin | crucial to metabolism of glucose |
| insul/o- | island |
| adrenal gland | found on superior pole of kidney - two layers - each secreting different hormones |
| aden/o- | gland |
| adren/o- | adrenal gland |
| ovaries | secrete estradiol |
| testes | secrete testosterone |
| synergism | process of working together |
| antagonism | process of working against or opposing |
| hormone | chemical messenger of the endocrine system that is produced by a gland and secreted into the blood |
| gonadotropins | category of hormones that stimulates the male and female sex glands (gonads) |
| growth hormone | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates cell growth and protein synthesis in cells, increasing height and weight in puberty |
| androgens | male sex hormone |
| estrogens | female sex hormones |
| epinephrine | hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to a nerve impulse from the sympathetic nervous system |
| acr/o- | extremity |
| gigantism | hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty |
| Grave's disease | most common form of hyperthyroidism |
| exopthalmos | bulging, protruding eyeballs |
| opthalmos | eye |
| ex- | away, out from |
| goiter | swelling of the thyroid (thyromegaly) causes by a tumor, lack of iodine or chronic inflammation |
| hypoglycemia | deficient glucose in the blood |
| glyc/o- | glucose (sugar) |
| diabetes mellitus | hypsecretion of insulin |
| ketoacidosis | high level of ketones in the blood which occurs when there is no insulin to metabolize glucose, may result in a diabetic coma |
| Cushing's syndrome | hypersecretion of cortisol resulting in a moon face, excessive back and abdominal fat deposits, and dark facial hair (women) |
| Addison's disease | hyposecretion of cortisol |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
Created by:
mhood@harpercollege.edu
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