Endocrinology - Turley
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| endocrinology | the study of an organ or gland within the body that secretes hormones
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| home/o- | same
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| -stasis- | condition of standing still
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| -crine | a thing that secretes
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| homeostasis | a state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body
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| hypothalamus | releases hormones that stimulate or inhibits the release of hormones from the pituitary gland
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| pituitary gland | "master gland" - anterior secrets seven hormones whose effects are felt throughout the body, posterior secretes two hormones
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| pineal gland | secretes melatonin which regulates the wake/sleep cycle - found in the brain between the two lobes of the thalamus
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| thyroid gland | found in the neck - secretes three hormones which control cellular metabolism and calcium levels in the blood
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| parathyroid glands | four glands found on the posterior of the thyroid, regulate the amount of calcium in the blood (opposite effect of calcitonin from thyroid)
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| thymus | posterior to sternum - secretes thymosins which cause immature t-cells to develop and mature
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| pancreas | secretes three hormones from the Islets of Langerhans - glucagon, insulin and somatostatin
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| insulin | crucial to metabolism of glucose
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| insul/o- | island
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| adrenal gland | found on superior pole of kidney - two layers - each secreting different hormones
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| aden/o- | gland
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| adren/o- | adrenal gland
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| ovaries | secrete estradiol
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| testes | secrete testosterone
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| synergism | process of working together
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| antagonism | process of working against or opposing
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| hormone | chemical messenger of the endocrine system that is produced by a gland and secreted into the blood
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| gonadotropins | category of hormones that stimulates the male and female sex glands (gonads)
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| growth hormone | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates cell growth and protein synthesis in cells, increasing height and weight in puberty
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| androgens | male sex hormone
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| estrogens | female sex hormones
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| epinephrine | hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to a nerve impulse from the sympathetic nervous system
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| acr/o- | extremity
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| gigantism | hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood and puberty
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| Grave's disease | most common form of hyperthyroidism
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| exopthalmos | bulging, protruding eyeballs
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| opthalmos | eye
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| ex- | away, out from
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| goiter | swelling of the thyroid (thyromegaly) causes by a tumor, lack of iodine or chronic inflammation
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| hypoglycemia | deficient glucose in the blood
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| glyc/o- | glucose (sugar)
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| diabetes mellitus | hypsecretion of insulin
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| ketoacidosis | high level of ketones in the blood which occurs when there is no insulin to metabolize glucose, may result in a diabetic coma
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| Cushing's syndrome | hypersecretion of cortisol resulting in a moon face, excessive back and abdominal fat deposits, and dark facial hair (women)
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| Addison's disease | hyposecretion of cortisol
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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