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LPT Endocrine System
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adrenals | secrete steriods, mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, corticosteroids |
| antidiabetic agents | insulin and oral hypoglycemics |
| corticosteroids | anti-inflammitory action, supress immune reaction, produced by adrenals |
| cretinism | hypothyroidism occurring in infancy and childhood |
| Type II Diabetes | pancreatic disorder, inability to use carbs, insulin ineffective or unavailable |
| diabetic coma | unconsciousness caused by too little insulin |
| gland | specialized tissue that secretes hormones |
| glucagon | secreted by pancreas, raises level of blood sugar, counteracts insulin |
| glucocorticoids | secreted by adrenals, rebulate metabolism of carbs and fats, anti-inflammatory effect |
| glycogen | form of glucose stored in liver or muscles for release as body needs it |
| glycosuria | glucose in the urine |
| hormone | chemical secreted by glands to regulate specific body function |
| hyperplasia | actual increase in # of cells |
| hyperthyroidism | disorder caused by increase of thyroid hormone |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar, could result from too much insulin |
| hypothalamus | controls sleep, temperature, appetite, stimulates or inhibits pituitary |
| hypothyroidism | decrease in thyroid hormones |
| insulin | secreted by beta cells in islets of Langerhans in pancreas, response to increase glucose |
| iodine | mineral needed by thyroid to produce thyroxin |
| islets of Langerhans | beta cells in pancreas that produce insulin, alpha cells that secrete glucagon |
| ketoacidosis | surplus of fatty acids (ketones) in blood, complication of diabetes |
| metabolism | rate at which cells produce energy such as heat and muscular strength |
| mineralcorticoids | secreted by adrenal gland, maintains blood volume |
| myxedema | severe longstanding hypothyroidism |
| oral hypoglycemics | drugs that stimulate insulin production or help body use insulin more effeciently |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) | regulates calcium content of bloodstream |
| parathyroids | secrete parathyroid |
| pituitary | master gland, stimulates other glands to secrete their hormones |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive hunger |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| somatotropin | growth hormone secreted by pituitary |
| tetany | muscle spasms caused by lack of calcium in bloodstream |
| thyroid | produces thyroid hormone, gland below larynx |
| thyroxine | secreted by thyroid, regulates speed of metabolism in body cells |
| IDDM | Type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
| NIDDM | Type 2 or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| somatotropin | growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland |
| gigantism, acromegaly | caused by excessive growth hormone produced by the pituitary |
| dwarfism | not enough somatotropin or growth hormone secreted by pituitary |
| parathyroid gland function | maintain a normal blood calciun level by moving stored calcium from bones to blood |
| hyperparathyroidism-symptoms | bones soft,easy to bend, too much calcium released from bones into blood |
| hypoparathyroidism-symptoms | muscles spasm and convulse, gradual paralysis may occur, tetany |
| Antidiuretic Hormone | secreted by pituitary gland, regulates reabsorbtion of water in kidney tubules |
| thyrocalcitonin | Secreted by thyroid, maintains calcium level in blood |
| Growth Hormone is secreted by | Pituitary |
| vasopressin | pituitary hormone, antidiuretic hormone, not enough causes diabetes insipidus |
| Symptoms of Diabetes Insipidus | polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, enuresis, fatigue |
| goiter | overgrowth of thyroid from lack of thyroid hormone or lack or iodine |
| Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism | increased metabolism, increased heart rate, increased temperature, increased respirations, hot, nervous |
| Symptoms of Hypothyroidism | decreased metabolism, cold, personality changes, tired, wt gain |
| Synthroid | thyroid replacement medication, take at same time every day |
| suppression of immune system can be a side effect of | corticosteroids |
| Androgenic steroids produced by | Adrenals |
| Androgenic steroids responsible for | development of sex characteristics |
| Cushings Syndrome-symptoms | wt. gain, muscle weakness, fatigue, fragile skin, thin hair, truncal obesity, purple striae, bruising, impaired wound healing, moon face |
| Cushings Syndrome may be caused by | Corticosteroid treatment |
| Cushings Complications | osteoporosis,pathologic fractures, peptic ulcers, disorder of fat metabolism, impaired glucose tolerance, frequent infections, impaired wound healing |
| Addison's Disease | not enough steroid hormones from adrenal glands |
| Hydrocortisone | Steroid, topical or injectable |
| Flonase | steroid, nasal spray for allergies, inhalent for asthma |
| Methylprednisolone | steroid, for severe inflammation, immunosupression, inject into joints |
| Melatonin is produced by the | Pineal Gland |
| Pancreas produces | insulin,glucagon and digestive enzymes |
| Beta Cells | cells in pancreas that produce insulin |
| Alpha Cells | cells in pancreas that produce glucagon |
| Insulin-effect on body | allows body to use sugar for energy |
| Type I Diabetes | Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, need insulin replacement, beta cells destroyed or suppressed |
| Humalog | Really fast acting insulin 5-20 min, given before meals |
| Humulin R, Semelente | Fast acting insulin, 1/2 to 1 hour, given before meals |
| NPH, Humulin N, Lente | intermediate acting insulin 8-28 hours |
| Ultralente | Long acting insulin |
| Insulin Shock-symptoms | intense hunger, nervousness,sweating, palpitations, HA, confusion, abnormal hostile or aggressive behavior |
| Insulin Shock Treatment | sugar |
| Ketoacidosis-cause | usually not enough insulin, high blood glucose levels |
| Ketoacidosis-sypmptoms | fruity, acetone breath, confusion, N,V,D, dehydration, wt loss |
| Diabetes-3 main symptoms | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia |
| Type II Diabetes | Metabolic disorder, body does not make enough insulin or can't use it properly |
| Type II Diabetes-symptomes | frequent infections, blurry vision, cuts and bruises that heal slowly, tingling or numbness in hands and feet |
| Type II Diabetes-treatment | Diet, exercise, oral antidiabetic drugs, insulin (SE-upset stomach, diarrhea) |
| Glucophage (Metformin) | Oral antidiabetic-helps your body use insulin more efficiently |
| Chlorpropamide (Diabinase) | oral antidiabetic-helps your pancreas make more insulin (SE-hypoglycemia) |
| Miglitol (Glycet) | oral antidiabetic-helps slow rise of glucose by slowing breakdown of carbs (SE-flatulence, diarrhea) |
| Sitagliptin phosphate | oral antidiabetic medication, increases insulin release,(SE-nausea, diarrhea, Stevens Johnson Syndrome) |
| Rosiglitazone (Avandia) | oral antidiabetic, improves insulin sensitivity, HA, fatigue, diarrhea |
| Diabetic Neuropathy-symptoms | tingling pain, numbness or weakness in hands or feet, digestive and bladder problems, dizziness |
| T/F As a technician you can trim the nails of a diabetic client | False-you need to call the nurse if a diebetics nails need trimmed |
| Diabetics should take care of their feet by doing these things | good hygiene, wearing shoes that fit, white cotton or wool socks, cotton between toes if rubbing, not going barefoot, not using heat on feet |
| Symptoms of Hypoglycemia | shakiness, nervousness, sweating, hunger, combativeness, changes in behavior,impaired vision, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, passing out |
| Symptoms of Hyperglycemia | polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dry skin, nausea, blurred vision, drowsiness |
| If you find a diabetic person who is shaking and has changes in their behavior you should: | check their blood glucose levels and call the nurse if it is below 70. |
| Which is more of an emergency in a diabetic patient,hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. | Hypoglycemia-give some form of sugar as soon as possible even if you are unable to check their blood glucose levels |
| Diabetics take urine tests to determine the presence of | Sugar and ketones |
| The islets of Langerhans, which secrete insulin and glucoagon, are located in the | Pancreas |
| The medical term for sugar in the urine | glycosuria |
| Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of | antidiuretic hormone |
| Regular and semilente are | fast-acting insulins |
| tolbuamide (Orinase) and chlorpropamide (Diabinese) are | oral hypoglycemics |
| A disease caused by lack of insulin is | diabetes mellitus |
| In a diabetic, extreme hunger,sweating, difficulty concentrating, palpitations may be signs of | hypoglycemia |
| Excessive thirst, production of excess urine, weakness, and glycosuria are symptoms of | lack of insulin |
| Which of the following conditions may require an adjustment in the diabetic's dosage of insulin | emotional stress and other drugs, heavy exercise, a change in diet |
| The presence of many fatty acids in the bloodstream of a diabetic person leads to an imbalance in the body's pH. The condition is called | ketoacidosis |
| You have just given a patient an injection of regular insulin. You know tht its action peaks in about 2 or 3 hours. It is important for you to know this so that you can. | be alert for signs of hypolgycemia at that time |
| Insulin suspensions | should be discarded if they contain clumps and granules and should be rotated gently between the palm and tipped end to end before administration. |
| In case of insulin shock, give | orange juice or candy |
| Polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| Diabetes | is characterized by an abnormality of carbohydrate metabolism |
| A sign of hyperglycemia is | extreme hunger |
| If a person experiences hypoglycemic reaction | give orange juice with sugar added |
| Low blood sugar is called | hypoglycemia |
| Gestational diabetes | may occur during pregnancy |
| Glucagon | Raises blood sugar by stimulating liver to convert glycogen to glucose |
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