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ccjs chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 main duties of police? | Keeping the peace, apprehending violators and combatting crime, preventing crime, providing social services |
| Dual court system? | Separate judicial system for each state plus an additional national court |
| Major types of correctional facilities and programs? | Prisons, jails, probation, parole, community-based drug treatment,and counseling |
| First step of CJ process? | Investigation |
| Second step of CJ process? | Arrest |
| Third step of CJ process? | Booking |
| Fourth step of CJ process? | Charging |
| Fifth step of CJ process? | Initial appearance |
| Sixth step of CJ process? | Preliminary hearing/grand jury |
| Seventh step of CJ process? | Indictment/Information |
| Eighth step of CJ process? | Arraignment |
| Ninth step of CJ process? | Trial |
| Tenth step of CJ process? | Sentencing |
| Eleventh step of CJ process? | Appeal |
| Twelfth step of CJ process? | Corrections |
| Thirteenth step of CJ process? | Release |
| Purpose of wedding cake model? | To show that not all cases are processed identically Differences of treatment are based on severity of the crime |
| Top tier of wedding cake model? | "Celebrated" crimes |
| Second to top tier of wedding cake model? | Serious felonies |
| Third to top tier of wedding cake model? | Lesser felonies |
| Bottom tier of wedding cake model? | Misdemeanors |
| What are the Crime Control model and Due process model? | Opposing ways to look at goals and procedures of CJS |
| What is the focus of the Crime Control model and what does it emphasize? | To repress crime in a quick and efficient manner Emphasis on capacity to catch, try, convict, and punish people facing criminal charge |
| What is the focus of the Due Process model and what does it emphasize? | To preserve individual liberties in a reliable manner Emphasis on fair decisions and protection against wrongful convictions |
| What is disparity? | Difference between two groups |
| What is discrimination? | Treating groups differently w/o regard to their behavior or qualifications |
| 3 ways to explain disparities? | 1. POC commit more crimes 2. CJS is racially biased 3. CJS expresses racial bias in society as a whole |
| What is racial profiling? | Targeting people from certain racial and ethnic groups |
| What is reasonable suspicion? | Articulable facts about ones's observed actions that lead to suspicion of criminal activity |
| What is implicit bias? | Unknowingly associating people with stereotyped characteristics of a demographic group |
| What is profiling by proxy? | White people call police for investigative/enforcement actions against people from different race and ethnic groups |
| What are the operations of CJ agencies? | Police, courts, corrections |
| 4 major duties of police? | Keeping peace, apprehending violators and combating crime, preventing crime, providing social services |
| What is a dual court system? | Where each state has their own gov court and then an additional federal court |
| What is a adjudication? | Determining is one is guilty or not |
| What is probation and parole? | Sentence served while living at home and maintaining employment |
| Examples of probation and parole? | Community based halfway houses, work release programs, supervised activities |
| What is the filtering process? | where CJ officials screen out cases while advancing others to next level of decision making |
| What is discretion? | Authority to make decisions without reference to special rules |
| Examples of discretion? | Police officers decide how to handle a crime situation Judges decide how long a sentence will be |
| 4 characteristics of CJS | 1. Discretion 2. Resource dependence 3. Sequential tasks 4. Filtering |
| What is resource dependence? | Actors in the system must cultivate and maintain good relations with those who allocate resources |
| What is sequential tasks? | When decisions are made in a specific order |
| What is a system? | Whole consisting of interdependent parts whose actions are directed toward goals and are influenced by the environment in which they function |
| What is an exchange? | Mutual transfer of resources |
| What is a plea bargain? | When the defendant agrees to please guilty in exchange for a less charge or lighter sentence |
| Factors that caused expansion of federal laws and involvement? | Efforts to combat terrorism, cyberattacks, international criminal activities |
| What is federalism? | When power is divided between central government and state government |
| How does the CJS control crime? | By arresting, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing |
| What is the role of the police? | To investigate |
| What is the role of the prosecutors? | To determine who is charged with what |
| What is the role of the judges? | To impose punishments |
| What is the role of the probation officers? | To monitor clients |
| What is the role of the corrections officers? | To supervise the sentenced to serve |
| What is the CJS? | Focuses on protection of public through investigation and punishment |
| What are crimes? | Actions that violate laws |
| What is "mala in se"? | Offenses wrong by nature (rape, murder) |
| What is "mala prohibita"? | Prohibited by law but not necessarily wrong (gambling, prostitution) |
| What are the 3 main goals of the CJS | 1. Doing justice 2. Controlling crime 3. Preventing crime |
Created by:
maheexpatel
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