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Corrections ch 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Retribution | Punishment inflicted on a person who has infringed on the rights of others and so deserves to be penalized. The severity of the sanction should fit the seriousness of the crime |
| General Deterrence | Punishment that is intended to be an example to the general public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others. |
| Specific Deterrence(special or individual deterrence) | Punishment inflicted on convicted individuals to discourage them from committing future crimes. |
| Incapacitation | Depriving a person of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by detaining the person in prison. |
| Selective incapacitation | Making the best use of expensive and limited prison space by targeting for incarceration those people whose incapacity will do the most to reduce crime in society. |
| Rehabilitation | The goal of restoring a convicted person to a constructive place in society through some form of vocational or education training or therapy. |
| Restoration | Punishment designed to repair the damage done to the victim and community by a person's criminal acts. |
| Indeterminate sentencing | A period of incarceration with minimum and maximum terms stipulated so that parole eligibility depends on the time necessary for treatment; it is closely associated with the rehabilitation concept. |
| Determinate Sentencing | A fixed period of incarceration imposed by a court; it is associated with the concept of retribution or deserved punishment. |
| Presumptive Sentencing | A sentence for which the legislature or a commission sets a minimum and maximum range of months or years. Judges are to fix the length of the sentence within that range, allowing for special circumstances. |
| Mandatory Sentencing | A sentence stipulating that some minimum period of incarceration must be served by people convicted of selected crimes, regardless of background or circumstances. |
| Good Time | A reduction of a person's prison sentence, at the discretion of the prison administrator, for good behavior or for participation in vocational, educational, and treatment programs. |
| Intermediate Sanctions | A variety of punishments that are more restrictive than traditional probation but less severe and costly than incarceration. |
| Probation | A sentence allowing the convicted individual to serve the sanctions imposed by the court while he or she lives in the community under supervision. |
| Shock Probation | A sentence by which an individual is released after a short incarceration and re sentenced to probation. |
| Restitution | Money paid to the victim by the convicted individual |
| Felon disenfranchisment | a term used to describe laws that either temporarily or permanently restrict the voting rights of individuals convicted of felony offenses. |
| presentence report | Report prepared by a probation officer, who investigates a convicted persons background to helo the judge select an appropriate sentence. |
| Sentencing guidelines | an instrument developed for judges that indicate the usual sanctions given previously for particular offenses. |
| Sentencing disparity | Divergence in the lengths and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or for crimes of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification can be discerned. |
| Wrongful conviction | a conviction that occurs when an innocent person is found guilty by either plea or verdict. |
Created by:
CheyenneN320
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