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COMPUTER FORENSICS
BASIC TERMS of COMPUTER FORENSICS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| BIT | Short for binary digit - the smallest unit of information - in the form of a 1 or a 0 ) |
| BOOKMARK | A feature that enables the user to designate favorite sites for fast and easy access |
| BYTE | A group of 8 bits |
| Central Processing Unit | The main chip within a computer which handles most of the computer operations - AKA - CPU |
| Cluster | A group of Sectors in groups of two |
| Cookies | Files placed on a computer from a visited website that are used to track visits to and usage of that site. |
| File Stack | The area that begins at the end of the last sector that contains logical data and terminates at the end of the cluster |
| Firewall | Hardware or software designed to protect intusions into an internet network |
| Hacking | A term frequently used to refer to performing an unauthorized computer or network intrusion |
| Hard Disk Drive | Typically the main storage location within a computer and is usually where the operating system, applications, and user data are stored |
| Hardware | Physical components of a computer |
| Internet Cache | Portions of visited website pages placed on the local hard drive disk to facilitate quicker retrieval when a web-page is visited |
| Internet History | An accounting of websites visited; different browsers store this information in different ways |
| Latent Data | Areas of files and disks that are typically not apparent to the computer user but contain data |
| Message Digest 5 | A software algorithm used to "fingerprint" a file or contents of a disk |
| Motherboard | The main system board of a computer which delivers power, data, and instructions to computer conponents |
| Operating System (OS) - Windows,Mac OS, Linux, and Unix | Software that provides the bridge between the system hardware and and the user |
| Partition | A contiguous set of blocks that are defined and treated as an independent disk |
| Random Access Memory (RAM) | The volatile memory of a computer where programs and instructions that are used are stored when power is turned off its contents AKA - RAM |
| Sector | The smallest addressable unit of data by a hard disk drive - generally consists of 512 bytes |
| Software | A set of instructions compiled in a program that performs a particular task |
| Swap File | A file or defined space on a Hard Drive used to conserve RAM; data is swapped or paged to this file to free RAM for application in use |
| Temporary Files | Files temporarily written by an application to perform a function or to provide a backup copy |
| Unallocated Space | The unused area of a Hard Drive that the operating system(OS) file system tables sees as empty but still contains old data |
| Visible Data | All data that the operating system is presently aware of and thus is readily accessible to the user |
| Power Supply | Converts power from the wall outlet to a useable format for the computer and its components |
| System Bus | Contained on the Motherboard , a complex network of wires that carry data from one hardware device to another |
| File System Table | A predefined map of the Hard Drive |
| Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) | A form of Hard Drive controller |
| Read Only Memory (ROM) | Computer chips found on the motherboard that store programs known as Firmware - used to start the boot process and configure a computer's components. |
| Firmware | Software that is closely tied to specific hardware, and unlikely to need frequent updates |
| Flash Drive | Another name for a ROM chip |
| BIOS | BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)the program a personal computer's microprocessor uses to get the computer system started after you turn it on. It also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices |
| USB Port | Universal Serial Bus: an external serial bus interface standard for connecting peripheral devices to a computer, as in USB port; USB cable |
| Gigabyte | A measure of storage capacity equal to 2 30 power or (1024) bytes |
| Terabyte | A measure of storage capacity equal to 2 40 power (1,099,511,627,776) bytes; 1024 gigabytes. |
| Input devices | Give the computer instruction. Examples mouse, keyboard, joystick |
| Output devices | Devices which obtain data from the computer. Examples are monitor, printer and speakers |
| Desktop | The computer work environment presented to the user on the monitor |
| Master Boot Record | Typically the first sector of a Hard Disk Drive (or a CD or USB drive) |
Created by:
fhalpin
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