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Fingerprint Terms
Law
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Fingerprint Classification | The sorting of fingerprints into file groups. Classified by general shape, position and size. |
Ridge Characteristics | A fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern flows inward and returns to the direction of the origin. |
Invisible Fingerprints | Those not readily seen but that can be developed through powders or chemicals. |
Inked Fingerprint | The intentional recording of the friction ridge skin using black printer's ink. |
Latent Fingerprint | Print impressions caused by perspiration on the ridges of the fingers being transferred to a surface or occurring as residues of oil, dirt or grease. |
Patent Fingerprint | Impressions left in soft substances such as putty, grease, tar, butter or soft soap. |
Arches | An arch goes from one side of the finger to another. |
Loops | A loop starts and ends at the same side, which is the side of the opening. |
Whorls | A whorl is roughly circular, with the ridge lines going all the way around. |
Voice Prints | Graphic record of an individual's voice characteristics made by a sound spectrograph that recors energy patterns emitted by speech. |
Science Basis of Fingerprint Identification | The ridge arrangement on every finger of every person is different. |
A.F.I.S. | a computer system that automatically searches a latent fingerprint recovered from a scene. |
Dissimilarity | a difference in which, in the opinion of the examiner, can be explained. |
Discrepancy | a difference between two patterns that can not be explained. |
Dactylography | the study of the of fingerprints. |
Core | center of the finger pattern impression. |
Individualization | the matching of a latent print to one person as its source to the exclusion of all other people in the world. |
Class One/ Level One Detail | the general ridge flow of a fingerprint. |
Class Two/ Level Two | a particular ridge path, including bifurcations, endings, divisions; also referred to as minutiae or Galton's details. |
Class Three/ Level Three | finer detail concerning individual ridges, such as the shape of the edges, their width, and the pores. |
ACE-V | Stands for Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, Verification. ACE-V describes the process for comparison of a latent print to a known print. |