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Crim Ch4 Vocab
Vocab for chapter 4 - rational choice theory
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Rational Choice Theory | the view that crime is a function of a decision making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act |
| Classical Criminology | a theory of crime suggesting that criminal behavior is a matter of personal choice, made after the individual considers its costs and benefits, and that the criminal behavior reflects the needs of the offender |
| Offense-Specific Crime | a crime in which the offender reacts selectively to the characteristics of a particular criminal act |
| Offender-Specific Crime | a crime in which offenders evaluate their skills, motives, needs, and fears before deciding to commit the criminal act |
| Edgework | the excitement or exhilaration of successfully executing illegal activities in dangerous situations |
| Seductions of Crime | the situational inducements or immediate benefits that draw offenders into law violations |
| Situational Crime Prevention | a method of crime prevention that seeks to eliminate or reduce particular crimes in specific settings |
| Defensible Space | the principle that crime can be prevented or displaced by modifying the physical environment to reduce the opportunity that individuals have to commit crime |
| Crime Discouragers | people who serve as guardians of property or people |
| Diffusion | an effect that occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another |
| Discouragement | an effect that occurs when crime control efforts targeting a particular locale help reduce crime in surrounding areas and populations |
| Displacement | an effect that occurs when crime control efforts simply move, or redirect, offenders to less heavily guarded alternative targets |
| Extinction | an effect that occurs when crime control reduction programs produce a short-term positive effect, but benefits dissipate as criminals adjust to new conditions |
| Replacement | an effect that occurs when criminals try new offenses they had previously avoided because situational crime prevention programs neutralized their crime of choice |
| General Deterrence | a crime control policy that depends on the fear of criminal penalties, convincing the potential law violator that the pains associated with crime outweigh the benefits |
| Specific Deterrence | the view that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that offenders will never repeat their criminal acts |
| Incarceration | confinement in jail or prison |
| Recidivism | Repetition of criminal behavior |
| Incapacitation Effect | the view hat placing offenders behind bars during their prime crime years reduces their opportunity to commit crime and helps lower the crime rate |
Created by:
nracine14
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