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Penn Foster: Intro to Vet Tech: Behavior

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Term
Definition
ethology   the study of animal behavior  
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Charles Darwin    
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species   classification of animals  
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theory of evolution   characterizes all related organisms as descended from common ancestors  
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natural selection   the process that awards survival and reproductive success to individuals and groups best adjusted to their environment  
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classical ethology   asserts that much of what animals know is instinctive, or innate  
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Ivan Pavlov    
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unconditioned response   a simple reflex behavior  
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unconditioned stimulus   something that produces an unconditioned response  
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behaviorism    
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John B. Watson    
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stimulus-response theory   holds that all complex forms of behavior, including emotions, thoughts, and habits, are complex muscular and gladular responses that can be observed and measured  
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classical conditioning   refers to the association of stimuli that occurs at approximately the same time or in roughly the same area  
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operant conditioning   works on the principle of associating a certain activity, known as the operant, with punishment or reward  
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B.F. Skinner    
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trial-and-error learning    
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instrumental learning   learning by trial and error  
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sociobiology   the study of social organization in animals  
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fixed action patterns   stereotypical or predictable behaviors  
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instincts   inherited or genetically coded responses to environmental stumuli  
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positive reinforcement   refers to any immediate pleasant occurrence that follows a behavior  
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negative reinforcement   refers to any immediate unpleasant occurrence used to create a desired behavior  
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punishment   an unpleasant occurrence used to eliminate an undesirable behavior  
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Konrad Z. Lorenz    
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imprinting   a rapid learning process that enables the very young to recognize and bond with its caretaker  
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sensitive period   the period of time when imprinting occurs  
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canine separation anxiety   the bond between owner and pet is so strong that a dog feels anxiety when separated from its owner  
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dominance aggression    
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fear-induced aggression    
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predatory agression    
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pain-induced aggression    
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inter-male aggression    
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territorial aggression    
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maternal aggression    
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house soiling   urinating or defecating inside the home  
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factors of problem behavior treatment methods   trust, reward, reprimand, consistency  
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reward   the most critical element of behavior modification  
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edible rewards    
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vocal rewards    
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reprimand    
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common treatment techniques   extinction, aversion therapy, avoidance therapy, habituation, punishment, counterconditioning, desensitization, environmental modification, surgical modification, pharmaceutical therapy  
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wobble   a training manuever designed to disorient a bird by abruptly dropping the hand its perched on  
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