Ag Foundations sem 1
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| agriscience | the application of scientific principles and new technologies to agriculture
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| agriculture | activities concerned with the production of plants and animals, and the related supplies, services, mechanics, products, processing and marketing
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| agribusiness | commercial firms that have developed with or stem from agriculture
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| renewable natural resources | resources provided by nature that can replace themselves
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| technology | application of science to an industrial or commercial objective
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| aquaculture | raising of finfish, shellfish, and other aquatic animals under controlled conditions
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| agricultural engineering | application of engineering principles in agricultural settings
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| animal science technology | use of modern principles and practices in animal growth and management
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| crop science | use of modern principles in growing and managing crops
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| soil science | study of the properties and management of soil to grow plants
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| biotechnology | use of cells or components of cells to produce products or processes
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| integrated pest management | pest-control program based on multiple control practices
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| biology | basic science of the plant and animal kingdoms
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| chemistry | science dealing with the characteristics of elements or simple substance
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| entomology | science of insect life
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| agronomy | science and economics of managing land and field crops
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| horticulture | the science of producing, processing, and marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants
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| animal sciences | animal growth, care and management
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| agricultural education | teaching and program management in agriculture
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| parasite | organism that lives in or on another organism with no benefit to the host
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| tractor | source of power for belt-driven machines, as well as for pulling
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| milking machine | machine that milks cows and goats
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| selective breeding | mating adults who have characteristics desired in the offspring
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| genetic engineering | movement of genes from one cell to another
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| combine | machine that is used to cut and thresh seed crops such as grain
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| reaper | machine that cuts grain
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| polluted | containing harmful chemicals or organisms
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| forestry | industry that grows, manages, and harvests trees for lumber, poles posts, panels, paper, and many other commodities
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| production agriculture | farming and ranching
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| nutrition | the process whereby all body parts receive materials needed for function, growth, and renewal
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| anatomy | the structure and arrangement of the various parts o the body of an animal or plant
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| hormone | chemical that regulates activities of the body
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| dry matter | material left after all water is removed from feed material
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| digestive system | system that provides food for the body of the animal and for all of its systems
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| vitamin | complex chemical essential for normal body functions
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| mineral | element essential for normal body functions
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| skeletal system | bones joined together by cartilage and ligaments
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| muscular system | the lean meat of the animal
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| circulatory system | the system that provides food and oxygen to the cells of the body and filters waste materials from the body
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| respiratory system | system that provides oxygen to the blood of the animal
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| central nervous system | the brain and the spinal cord
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| urinary system | system that removes waste materials from the blood
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| ruminant | animal that has a stomach with four digestive compartments
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| roughage | grass, hay or silage and other feeds high in fiber and low in TDN
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| monogastric | animal with a single-compartment stomach
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| concentrate | feed high in total digestive nutrients and low in fiber
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| antibiotic | substance used to help prevent or control infections and diseases of animals
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| host animal | a species of animal in or on which diseases or parasites can live
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| contagious | diseases that can be spread by contact
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| roundworm | slender worm that is tapered on both ends
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| protozoa | microscopic, one-celled animals that are parasites of animals
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| mange | crusty skin condition caused from mites
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| intravenous | in the vein
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| intramuscular | in the muscle
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| subcutaneous | under the skin
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| intradermal | between layers of skin
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| infusion | the process of treating udder problems through the teat canal
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| immune | not affected by
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| disinfectant | material that destroys infective agents such as bacteria and viruses
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| ova | female reproductive cells or eggs from the ovary of an animal
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| sperm | male reproductive units
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| gene | a unit of hereditary material located on a chromosome
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| chromosome | the rod-like carrier for genes
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| dominant | gene that expresses itself to the exclusion of other genes
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| recessive | a gene that remains hidden and expresses itself only in the absence of a dominant gene
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| cell | a unit of protoplasmic material with a nucleus and cell walls
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| nucleus | a cell structure that contains pairs of chromosomes on which genes are located at specific locations
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| lipid | fat droplets inside a cell
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| mitosis | simple cell division for growth
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| meiosis | cell division that results in the formation of gametes
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| homozygous | pairs of gene that are alike
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| heterozygous | pairs of genes that are different
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| mutation | change in genes
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| testosterone | male sex hormone
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| estrogen | hormone that regulates the heat period
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| ovulation | process of releasing mature eggs from the ovary
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| gestation | length of pregnancy
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| ration | the amount of feed fed in one day
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| carbohydrate | starches and sugars that provide energy in the diet
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| rumen | one of the compartments of the stomach in cattle, deer, and sheep that is responsible for the breakdown of cellulose in the feed that is consumed
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| feed additive | a nonnutritive substance added to feed to improve growth, increase feed efficiency, or maintain health
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| abortion | loss of a fetus before it is viable
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| secondary host | a plant or animal that carries a disease or parasite during part of the life cycle
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| balling gun | a device used to place a pill in an animal's throat
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| drench | a process of administering drugs orally to animals
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| cannula | blunt needle
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| sex-linked | genes carried on chromosomes that determine sex
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| estrus | heat period or time when female animal is receptive to the male animal
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| inbreeding | mating of animals that are related
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| protoplasm | all of the contents within the walls of a living cell
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| mitochondrion | plays a role in converting animal food to usable energy
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| endoplasmic reticulum | a cell structure that stores proteins and facilities their movement to other parts of the cell as needed
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| deoxyribonucleic acid | coded genetic material in a cell
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| heritability | the capacity to be passed down from parent to offspring
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| fetus | embryo from the time of attachment to the uterine wall until birth
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| zygote | fertilized egg
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| ribosome | a cell structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins
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| incomplete dominance | neither gene expresses itself to the exclusion of the other
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| genotype | the genetic makeup of an individual or group of organisms
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| phenotype | physical appearance of an individual
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| progesterone | hormone that prevents estrus during pregnancy and causes development of the mammary system
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| fluke | very small, flat worm that is a parasite
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| intraruminal | in the rumen
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| intraperitoneal | in the abdominal cavity
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| lactose | compound milk sugar
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| endocrine system | a group of ductless glands that release hormones in the body
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| deficiency disease | condition resulting from improper levels or balances of nutrients
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| TDN | the measure of digestibility of feed
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