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AR Ag Mechanics
Arkansas Agricultural Mechanics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agricultural mechanics | a broad area of knowledge and skills related to performing construction, operation, maintenance, and repair of machinery, equipment, and structures used in agricultural/horticultural work |
| Agricultural power | the use of engines, animals, and other sources of energy to operate equipment used in agriculture |
| Agricultural structures | those buildings, ponds, greenhouses, and other facilities designed specifically for agricultural use |
| Agricultural technology | the application of science and inventions in agricultural work; the use of science to develop new ways of doing things |
| Combustion | the production of heat and/or light through a chemical process; burning |
| Decibel (dB) | a unit of sound measurement |
| Extinguish | to put out a fire by cooling, smothering, or removing fuel |
| Fire triangle | a three dimensional representation of requirements for fire to occur: fuel, heat, and oxygen |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | equipment that protects people from injury, including safety glasses, goggles, ear plugs or muffs, respirators, clothing, shoes or boots, and gloves |
| Safety | preventing loss or injury |
| Alternating Current (AC) | current that reverses its direction 60 times per second |
| Arc welding | using an electric arc to fuse metal |
| Bead | mix of base metal and filler rod that remains after welding |
| Direct Current (DC) | current that flows in one direction continuously |
| Electrode | a section of flux-coated wire used in welding |
| Flux | a substance used to remove the oxide on metal that is to be soldered or welded |
| Fusion | the union or blending of molten metal to form a strong bond |
| Penetration | distance in a weld from the original surface of the base metal to that depth or point at which fusion ceases |
| Slag | the product formed when buring steel combines with oxygen |
| Weld | joining two or more times by fusion |
| Welding helmet | a protective device worn on the head while arc welding to protect the eyes, skin, and other exposed parts from injury |
| Welding position | the location of a weld relative to the location of the welding equipment, such as flat, vertical, horizontal, or overhead |
| Bleeding the lines | removing gas pressure from all lines and equipment, as with oxyacetylene welding systems |
| Brazing | the process of joining metal with a filler rod that melts at a temperature below the metal being joined |
| Carbonizing flame | a flame with excess acetylene; adjustment is needed to achieve a neutral flame |
| Cutting tip | a special tip used in cutting metal with gas systems such as oxyacetylene |
| Filler rod | a long, thin metal rod used in welding to add to or fill joins when welding or brazing |
| Flammable | the quality of a substance that is capable of burning |
| Fusion | the process of joining by melting |
| Gauge | a device used to measure certain substances such as pressure in an oxyacetylene welding/cutting system |
| Neutral flame | an oxyacetylene flame with a balance of oxygen and acetylene |
| Oxidizing flame | an oxyacetylene flame with an excess of oxygen; adjustment is needed to achieve a neutral flame |
| Regulator | a device that controls the flow amount of a liquid or gas; with oxyacetylene welding systems, regulators control the flow of oxygen and acetylene |
| Tip | the part of a welding or cutting torch with holes to release fuel for combustion |
| Tip cleaner | small, round rod-like devices that remove dirt from the holes in welding and cutting torch tips |
| Torch | the assembly in an oxyacetylene system that mixes oxygen and acetylene to provide the desired flame |
| Valve | a device that controls the flow of gas in an oxyacetylene system |
| Die | a device or instrument used to cut threads on a rod or bolt |
| Rivet | a short rod-like fastening device made of soft metal that can be readily spread on each end |
| Solder | a mixture of tin and lead |
| Soldering | bonding metals and alloys that melt at temperatures below 840° F |
| Sweating | the process of soldering a piece of copper pipe into a fitting |
| Tap | a hardened and brittle fluted tool used to cut threads inside of metal |
| Tinning | the process of bonding filler material to a base metal |
| Four cycle engine | an engine with four strokes per cycle |
| Internal combustion engine | a device that converts the energy in fuel into rotating power |
| Stroke | the movement of a piston from top to bottom or from bottom to top |
| Top Dead Center (TDC) | position of the piston at its highest point |
| Two-stroke cycle engine | an engine with two strokes per cycle |
| Architect scale | a specialized ruler used in making or measuring reduced scale drawings; it is marked with a range of calibrated scales or ratios |
| Border line | heavy black line drawn close to the outer edge of paper used for drawing plans |
| Drawing | a likeness of an object, individual, or other subject made with a pencil, pen, or other instrument |
| Pictorial drawing | kinds of drawings that show an object in three dimensions; common types are isometric, oblique, and perspective |
| Scale | an instrument with all increments shortened in a consistent proportion |
| Sketch | a rough drawing of an idea, object, or procedure |
| Title block | the section of a drawing reserved for information about the drawing in general |
| Triangle | a drafting instrument shaped as a thin flat right-angled triangle with two other angles of 45° or other angles of 30° and 60°, respectively |
| Cold chisel | a hand tool made of hardened steel for cutting metal by striking with a hammer |
| Mushroomed | a spread or pushed over condition caused by being struck repeatedly |
| Temper | to heat a piece of tool sheet followed by controlled cooling so as to control the degree of hardness |
| Whet | to sharpen by rubbing on a stone |
| Fitting | a part used to connect pieces of pipe or to connect other objects to pipe |
| Flaring | the process of enlarging the opening of tubing in a bell shape |
| Pipe | rigid tube-like material often used in plumbing |
| PVC | a type of plastic pipe and fittings made of polyvinyl chloride |
| Reaming | the process of removing the bur from the inside end of steel pipe after it has been cut |
| Tubing | flexible pipe often made of copper or plastics |
| Valve | a device that controls the flow of water, gas, or other substance |
| Crosscut | the process of cutting across the grain of wood |
| Grain | lines in lumber resulting from the annual growth rings of the tree from which the lumber was manufactured |
| Hardwood | wood with smaller grain that is denser and more difficult to cut; e.g., oak and maple |
| Kerf | the cutaway opening made when sawing or otherwise cutting materials |
| Lumber | wood products made by sawing logs |
| Plywood | wood products made by glueing thin sheets of wood together in layers |
| Softwood | wood with larger grain that is less dense and easier to cut; e.g., pine and fir |
| Ampere | a measure of the rate of flow of a current in a conductor |
| Circuit | an electrical source and wires connected to an electrical device |
| Circuit breaker | a switch that trips and breaks the circuit when more than a specified amount of current passes through it |
| Conductor | any material that will permit an electron to move through it |
| Conduit | protective tube with individual insulated wires running through it |
| Electricity | form of energy that can produce light, heat, magnetism, and chemical changes |
| Grounding | the process of making an electrical connection between a circuit, electricity-using device, or other electricity source to the earth toreduce the chance of shock and damage |
| Insulator | material that provides great resistance to the flow of electricity |
| Kilowatt hour | the use of 1000 watts per hour |
| National Electrical Code® | a standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment |
| Ohm | a measure of the resistance of a material to the flow of an electrical current |
| Resistance | any tendancy of a material to prevent electrical flow |
| Short circuit | a condition that occurs when electricity flows back to its source to rapidly and trips fuses, burns wires, and drains batteries |
| Volt | a measure of electrical pressure |
| Voltage drop | loss of voltage as electricity travels through a wire |
| Watt | a measure of energy available or work that can be done using one ampere at one volt |
| Aggregate | sand and gravel that comprise the bulk of concrete |
| Concrete | an artificial stone-like material formed by combining aggregate, Portland cement, and water |
| Cubic yard | a standard measure of concrete equal to 27 cubic feet |
| Curing | proper drying of concrete to assure maximum strength |
| Floating | smoothing the surface of newly placed concrete |
| Form | a frame or mold that holds newly placed concrete until it has been set |
| Masonry unit | anything constructed of brick, stone, tile, or concrete units held in place with Portland cement |
| Mortar | a mixture of fine aggregate (sand), mortar cement, and water that is used as bonding material in masonry work |
| Portland cement | dry powder made by burning limestone and clay followed by grinding and mixing; used to make concrete |
| Reinforced concrete | material placed in new concrete to increase strength; steel rods and wire are placed in forms before the concrete is placed while other reinforcement material (such as fiberglass) is added as the concrete is being mixed |
| Screeding | striking off exess concrete to create a smooth and level surface |
| Trowel | a hand tool used in concrete and masonry work |
| Workable mix | the consistency of wet concrete when the various ingredients are mixed together correctly |
| Back Sight (BS) | a rod reading taken on a point of known elevation |
| Benchmark (BM) | a permanent point of known or assumed elevation from which a survey started |
| Chain | a unit of measurement which equals 66 feet |
| Contour line | a line connecting points on the land surface which have the same elevation |
| Differential leveling | the process of determining the releative elevations of various points; determining elevation differences between points |
| Foresight | a rod reading taking place on a point of unknown elevation |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | a satellite-based navigation system |
| Height of instrument | the elevation of the level line of sight of the crosshairs in the instrument with respect to the benchmark |
| Turning point | a temporary point for a transit while doing differential leveling |
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