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Ag Foundations
Ag Foundations sem 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| agriscience | the application of scientific principles and new technologies to agriculture |
| agriculture | activities concerned with the production of plants and animals, and the related supplies, services, mechanics, products, processing and marketing |
| agribusiness | commercial firms that have developed with or stem from agriculture |
| renewable natural resources | resources provided by nature that can replace themselves |
| technology | application of science to an industrial or commercial objective |
| aquaculture | raising of finfish, shellfish, and other aquatic animals under controlled conditions |
| agricultural engineering | application of engineering principles in agricultural settings |
| animal science technology | use of modern principles and practices in animal growth and management |
| crop science | use of modern principles in growing and managing crops |
| soil science | study of the properties and management of soil to grow plants |
| biotechnology | use of cells or components of cells to produce products or processes |
| integrated pest management | pest-control program based on multiple control practices |
| biology | basic science of the plant and animal kingdoms |
| chemistry | science dealing with the characteristics of elements or simple substance |
| entomology | science of insect life |
| agronomy | science and economics of managing land and field crops |
| horticulture | the science of producing, processing, and marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants |
| animal sciences | animal growth, care and management |
| agricultural education | teaching and program management in agriculture |
| parasite | organism that lives in or on another organism with no benefit to the host |
| tractor | source of power for belt-driven machines, as well as for pulling |
| milking machine | machine that milks cows and goats |
| selective breeding | mating adults who have characteristics desired in the offspring |
| genetic engineering | movement of genes from one cell to another |
| combine | machine that is used to cut and thresh seed crops such as grain |
| reaper | machine that cuts grain |
| polluted | containing harmful chemicals or organisms |
| forestry | industry that grows, manages, and harvests trees for lumber, poles posts, panels, paper, and many other commodities |
| production agriculture | farming and ranching |
| nutrition | the process whereby all body parts receive materials needed for function, growth, and renewal |
| anatomy | the structure and arrangement of the various parts o the body of an animal or plant |
| hormone | chemical that regulates activities of the body |
| dry matter | material left after all water is removed from feed material |
| digestive system | system that provides food for the body of the animal and for all of its systems |
| vitamin | complex chemical essential for normal body functions |
| mineral | element essential for normal body functions |
| skeletal system | bones joined together by cartilage and ligaments |
| muscular system | the lean meat of the animal |
| circulatory system | the system that provides food and oxygen to the cells of the body and filters waste materials from the body |
| respiratory system | system that provides oxygen to the blood of the animal |
| central nervous system | the brain and the spinal cord |
| urinary system | system that removes waste materials from the blood |
| ruminant | animal that has a stomach with four digestive compartments |
| roughage | grass, hay or silage and other feeds high in fiber and low in TDN |
| monogastric | animal with a single-compartment stomach |
| concentrate | feed high in total digestive nutrients and low in fiber |
| antibiotic | substance used to help prevent or control infections and diseases of animals |
| host animal | a species of animal in or on which diseases or parasites can live |
| contagious | diseases that can be spread by contact |
| roundworm | slender worm that is tapered on both ends |
| protozoa | microscopic, one-celled animals that are parasites of animals |
| mange | crusty skin condition caused from mites |
| intravenous | in the vein |
| intramuscular | in the muscle |
| subcutaneous | under the skin |
| intradermal | between layers of skin |
| infusion | the process of treating udder problems through the teat canal |
| immune | not affected by |
| disinfectant | material that destroys infective agents such as bacteria and viruses |
| ova | female reproductive cells or eggs from the ovary of an animal |
| sperm | male reproductive units |
| gene | a unit of hereditary material located on a chromosome |
| chromosome | the rod-like carrier for genes |
| dominant | gene that expresses itself to the exclusion of other genes |
| recessive | a gene that remains hidden and expresses itself only in the absence of a dominant gene |
| cell | a unit of protoplasmic material with a nucleus and cell walls |
| nucleus | a cell structure that contains pairs of chromosomes on which genes are located at specific locations |
| lipid | fat droplets inside a cell |
| mitosis | simple cell division for growth |
| meiosis | cell division that results in the formation of gametes |
| homozygous | pairs of gene that are alike |
| heterozygous | pairs of genes that are different |
| mutation | change in genes |
| testosterone | male sex hormone |
| estrogen | hormone that regulates the heat period |
| ovulation | process of releasing mature eggs from the ovary |
| gestation | length of pregnancy |
| ration | the amount of feed fed in one day |
| carbohydrate | starches and sugars that provide energy in the diet |
| rumen | one of the compartments of the stomach in cattle, deer, and sheep that is responsible for the breakdown of cellulose in the feed that is consumed |
| feed additive | a nonnutritive substance added to feed to improve growth, increase feed efficiency, or maintain health |
| abortion | loss of a fetus before it is viable |
| secondary host | a plant or animal that carries a disease or parasite during part of the life cycle |
| balling gun | a device used to place a pill in an animal's throat |
| drench | a process of administering drugs orally to animals |
| cannula | blunt needle |
| sex-linked | genes carried on chromosomes that determine sex |
| estrus | heat period or time when female animal is receptive to the male animal |
| inbreeding | mating of animals that are related |
| protoplasm | all of the contents within the walls of a living cell |
| mitochondrion | plays a role in converting animal food to usable energy |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a cell structure that stores proteins and facilities their movement to other parts of the cell as needed |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | coded genetic material in a cell |
| heritability | the capacity to be passed down from parent to offspring |
| fetus | embryo from the time of attachment to the uterine wall until birth |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| ribosome | a cell structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins |
| incomplete dominance | neither gene expresses itself to the exclusion of the other |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an individual or group of organisms |
| phenotype | physical appearance of an individual |
| progesterone | hormone that prevents estrus during pregnancy and causes development of the mammary system |
| fluke | very small, flat worm that is a parasite |
| intraruminal | in the rumen |
| intraperitoneal | in the abdominal cavity |
| lactose | compound milk sugar |
| endocrine system | a group of ductless glands that release hormones in the body |
| deficiency disease | condition resulting from improper levels or balances of nutrients |
| TDN | the measure of digestibility of feed |
Created by:
3turnshome79
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