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Junior Horsebowl
Horse industry handbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What breed can't be taller than 34 inches at the withers to be registered | American miniature horse |
| What four parts of the digestive tract make up the foregut | Mouth,esophaguse, stomach, and small intestine |
| What is the ideal slope of the shoulders | 45 -50 degrees |
| What is base wide confirmation | When the horses feet are wider apart at the ground than at the chest |
| What disease has a geographical association with a particular part of the country | Patomic horse fever |
| Name four components of the top line | Withers back lion and croup |
| Name the fat soluble vitimans | A,d,e,k |
| List the names of the teeth that make up 12 front teeth known as incisors | Central Pairs, Intermediate, and Corner Teeth. |
| Where are three practical possibilities to keep a horse? | At home, Rent a Pasture, or Commercial Stable. |
| Why would you do a pre-purchase exam on a Horse you want to buy? | To determine the overall soundness and health of the horse before you buy it. |
| What are the 3 patterns that establish the guidelines to define color patterns of a paint horse? | Over, Tabiano, Tovero |
| What part of the horse is located on both inside and outside of the hind legs above the hock? | Gaskin. |
| What is the single most important characteristic in equine selection? | Balance |
| Why is Balance important in equine selection? | Because it forms the basis for movement , length of stride and ultimately performance. |
| What do we call it when a horse’s forelimb is too far forward and away for the body? | Camped Out. |
| What is an insecticide designed to kill fly larva? | Larvicides. |
| What is the average Temperature range of a horse? | 100 to 101.5 deg. F |
| Name two types of Legumes horses eat: | Alfalfa and Clover. |
| What is the most commonly used technique for estimating body weight in horses? | Heart Girth Tape |
| What are 3 different types of medical treatments that may be used to treat colic? | Surgery, Stomach tube, mineral oil, fluids , sedatives, and antibiotics |
| Approximately how much hoof growth occurs in a 6 month period? | 2.25 inches |
| What part of the Hoof protects the internal structures of the foot from injury? | Sole |
| (T or F)The ideally fitted shoe, regardless of design, should spare the maximum bearing surface on the wall and provide a solid base of weight distribution. | True |
| When your horse is tied with a lead rope in a trailer, how should you remove the rope during an emergency? | Cut it with a pocket knife. |
| What are 4 environmental needs in providing for the welfare of a horse? | Physical, social, chemical, and biological. |
| A period of reproductive dormancy in a mare. | Anestrus. |
| What effect will anabolic steroids have on a stallion? | It will severely impair the testicular size and sperm production |
| At what age do you wean a foal? | 4 to 6 months of age. |
| True or False? A donkey possesses a great deal more reasoning power than a horse. | True |
| What is a molecule used to produce muscular activity, it is the basic energy source for muscular contraction? | ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) |
| What is the study of movement? | Biomechanics |
| What is the breakdown of the energy sources in the absence of oxygen? | Anaerobic. |
| What internal parasite primarily affects foals and young horses? | Roundworms (Ascarids). HIH 430 |
| True or False. Influenza is the most common infectious respiratory disease of horses. | True. HIH 445 |
| Where are a horse's blind spot? | Directly behind or in front of the horse. HIH 1220 |
| What insect causes lyme disease? | Ticks. HIH 655 |
| What breed is characterized by the flat foot walk,running walk, and rocking chair canter? | Tennessee Walking Horse. HIH 152 |
| How many teeth does a young horse have? | 24 HIH 240 |
| What kind of vision does the horse use to judge distance? | Binocular vision. HIH 1220 |
| What color is a horse with white hairs mixed into a base coat? | Roan. HIH 1040 |
| Equine Herpes Virus causes what disease? | Rhinopneumonitis. HIH 610 |
| What is epistaxis? | Nose bleed or hemorrhage from the nostrils due to hemorrhage in the respiratory tract or guttural pouch. |
| How many days is the heat period in mares? | 5 - 7 days. HIH 930 |
| Which is the more energy dense feed, oats or corn? | Corn. HIH 760 |
| Where specifically would the Galvayne's Groove be located? | At the gum margin of the upper corner incisor |
| A destruction of the frog by anaerobic bacteria resulting in a black and strong smelling infection is called what? | Thrush. HIH 540 |
| What color horse has a golden yellow body and a white mane and tail? | Palomino. HIH 140 |
| What is the common name for Equine Spinal Ataxia? | Wobbles. |
| How many chromosome pairs does a horse have? | 32 pairs. HIH 1020 |
| What breed is readily identified by a finely chiseled head and dished face, long arching neck, high tail carriage, and small build? | Arabian. HIH 150 |
| How much fecal matter does a horse produce in a 24 hour period? | 28 - 50 pounds. HIH 820 |
| What color is a horse with a yellowish or gold body, black mane and tail, usually black on the lower legs, but no dorsal stripes? | Buckskin. HIH 140 |
| What is "floating" with reference to horses? | Rasping or filing sharp points on the horses teeth. HIH 405 |
| The horse's stomach makes up what percent of the digestive tract? | Eight percent. HIH 710 |
| What type of blood cells carry oxygen? | Red blood cells. HIH 830 |
| What do I mean when I say, "I'm going to have my horse's teeth floated"? | Rasping or filing sharp points on the horse's teeth. HIH 405 |
| What is a hoof knife used for? | To pare away the dead sole from the hoof, remove ragged parts from the frog, relieve pressure on corns and cracks, and remove foreign bodies from the foot. |
| Where does sperm production occur? | Seminiferous tubules. HIH 920 |
| What is a more common name for hyperthermia? | Heat stroke. HIH 410 |
| What is the widest part of the hoof? | Quarter. HIH 525 |
| Name three types of saddles considered “Forward Seat" saddle | All purpose, close contact, dressage. HIH 1100 |
| What is the key to successful parasite control? | Interrupting the parasite's life cycle. HIH 430-4 |
| What is the horse's primary behavioral characteristic of self protection? | Flight. HIH 320-1 |
| Name four different vaccinations that should be current prior to traveling with your horse | Encephalomyelitis, Tetanus, Influenza, Rhinopneumonitis, Potomac Horse Fever, Rabies |
| Name the hormone that keeps mares out of estrus and helps to maintain early stages of pregnancy. | Progesterone. HIH 930-4 |
| If you can easily feel a horse's ribs through a thick winter hair coat, what kind of body condition would you find? | A horse that is too thin. HIH 420-1 |
| To provide a safe interior in a horse trailer, what should be on the side walls, partitions, and front of the manger to prevent injuries? | Padding. HIH 1155-3 |
| What term describes a preventive injection of bacteria or viruses that have been modified or inactivated to immunize the horse against certain diseases? | Vaccination. HIH 445-1 |
| Name a piece of safety equipment used on horse trailers to prevent the horse from backing out if the door is open. | Butt bar or butt chain. HIH 1155-3 |
| What percent of protein should be in a suckling foal's creep feed? | 16 to 18 %. HIH 950-5 |
| What is the incubation time for bot eggs and what stimulates them to hatch? | Incubation - about 5 days; hatch - when the horse licks, breathes on, warms, or ingests them. HIH 415-5 |
| Define the term "cue" as it pertains to horses. | A signal given by the rider/exhibitor that shows or tells the horse what to do. HIH 1240-1 |
| Name the horse hair coat color that has a transverse stripe across the horse's withers/shoulders. | Dun or buckskin. HIH 140-1 |
| In training horses, what is a conditioned response? | Response that is learned through practice. HIH 1240-1 |
| Where is the home of the American Quarter Horse Association? | Amarillo, Texas. HIH 153-1 |
| Describe two things you can do to help prevent equine encephalomyelitis | Use insecticides and repellents; eliminate standing water; put screen on stalls; report an outbreak to officials. |
| What feature appears on the horse's upper incisors at ten years of age? | Galvayne's groove. HIH 240-1 |
| What is recommended as the best type of covering for the floor of a horse trailer? | Rubber mats. HIH 1155-2 |
| Why would you give your foal two vaccinations of tetanus toxoid | provide long term active immunity against tetanus. |
| How long does the tetanus toxoid vaccination last | approximately one year, annual booster required. HIH 445 |
| Name the two most important dietary "energy" components in a horse's feed. | Carbohydrates and fats HIH 820-1 |
| Name the disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. | Lyme disease. HIH 655-1 |
| If it becomes necessary for you to cut a newborn foal's umbilical cord, how long should you leave the stump? | Two inches. HIH 950-1 |
| What feature of a horse's upper incisors completely disappears after 30 years of age? | Galvayne's groove. HIH 240-4 |
| What specific part of a bridle prevents injury to the roof of the horse's mouth? | Curb strap or curb chain. HIH 1100-10 |
| Name the type of hay that can be infested with blister beetles. | Alfalfa hay. HIH 415-9 |
| Name one of the major causes of all barn and stable fires: | Carelessness of human beings; careless use of smoking materials; lack of fire safety knowledge.HIH 340-1 |
| What type of a cinch would you find on a decker pack saddle? | Centerfire rigged, single cinch. HIH 1125-1 |
| Name six parts of a western bridle | Headstall/crown piece; cheek pieces; brow band; throat latch strap; curb strap; bit; reins.HIH 1100-9 |
| The average idle 1000 lb. horse will consume how much water per day? | 10 to 12 gallons. HIH 410-7 |
| Name the major site for bacterial invasion of a newborn foal. | Umbilical cord or navel stump. HIH 950-1 |
| How much space is recommended on either side of the rider's feet when they are placed in the stirrup irons? | 1/4 inch on either side of the foot. HIH 1100-3 |
| Name the most consistent, natural conditioner for the horse's hooves. | Water. HIH 505-7 |
| Describe four symptoms that indicate that your horse needs to have it's teeth floated | Holds head sideways when chewing; slobbering; sensitive to bit pressure; goes off feed; loses weight. |
| What is the name of a canvas used to cover or wrap a pack load? | Manta. HIH 1125-3 |
| How many acres of good quality pasture is recommended to feed each mature horse weighing 1000 pounds? | Two to three acres each. HIH 730-1 |
| Why would you give your horse tetanus antitoxin? | To provide immediate temporary immunity to an injured horse; if you know or are not sure that the horse has not had a current vaccination |
| According to genetic shorthand, explain the difference between the letters that symbolize the dominant and recessive genes. | Dominant - Upper case or capital letters; Recessive - Lower case |
| What term describes the up-take of ground moisture into a bale of hay causing deterioration of the quality of the hay? | Wicking. HIH 710-5 |
| Name the type of horseshoe used mostly on the hind feet to stabilize the breakover of the foot. | Square-toed shoe. HIH 515-3 |
| Name four types of pack saddle hitches. | Single-diamond, double-diamond, half-diamond, squaw, and Arizona. HIH 1125-5 |
| When do the deciduous central incisors appear? | They are present at birth or erupt during the first week following birth. HIH 405-1 |
| What is the recommended minimum size for stallion and foaling stalls? | Minimum 12 X 14 feet. HIH 320-1 |
| Name three disadvantages of using straw for bedding horses. | Highly combustible; dust causes respiratory problems; horses eating straw can cause problems; high labor costs in stall maintenance; difficult to dispose of. |
| Name four breeds of horses that were involved in the development of the Tennessee Walking Horse. | Thoroughbred; Standardbred; Morgan; American Saddlebred. |
| Name the two body types recognized by the American Miniature Horse Association. | Arabian type; Quarter Horse type. HIH 154-1 |
| What term identifies a foal that is born between 300 and 320 days of gestation? | Premature. HIH 950-9 |
| What is the purpose of a hoof tester? | To determine the location of a painful area in the foot of a lame horse HIH 530 |
| Name the vitamin that is necessary to promote normal growth and development of the horse's hooves. | Vitamin A HIH 505-2 |
| Name the four stages of the life cycle of the horse fly. | Egg; larva; pupa; adult. HIH 415-1 |
| Name four things you should look for when you evaluate the conformation of a horse. | 1) Consider breed conformation standards, 2)tracking the horse for soundness, balance, action, 3) view the front of the horse, 4) view therear of the horse, 5) view profile from a distance. |
| Why do Arabian horses have long eye lashes? | It is probably an evolutionary characteristic developed to keep desert sand out of their eyes. |
| Which group of horses require the most crude protein in their diets: Mature horses, pregnant mares, performance horses, or weanlings. | Weanlings. HIH 730-2 |
| What is the least glamorous aspect of caring for horses? | Stall maintenance or cleaning stalls. HIH 330 |
| What is the average weight of a small bale of hay? | 40 - 80 pounds (within this range). HIH 750-4 |
| Name three ways to improve a grass pasture. | Weed control; add lime; soil testing; fertilization; grazing management program. HIH 730-2 |
| Name five features that you would look for when choosing stall bedding for your horses. | Absorbency, dustiness, availability, affordable, ease of disposal, ease of handling, unpalatable. HIH 330-1 |
| Name the type of muscle found in the horse's skeletal system. | Voluntary muscle. HIH 840-1 |
| Name two different types of panniers. | Wooden box (grub); rawhide; heavy canvas; canvas and metal. HIH 1125-4 |
| Name the three basic hair coat colors that also provide the base for most of the other hair coat colors of the horse. | Bay, black, & chestnut. HIH 1040-1 |
| If a horse has six cheek teeth on each side of its jaws, how many cheek teeth does a horse have? | 24 HIH 405-1 |
| Give six symptoms of colic. | Restless; sweating; kicking at belly; nipping at belly; pawing; yawning; crouching; rolling. HIH 440-2 |
| What is the advantage of using double-rigged cinch on a cross buck pack saddle? | It helps to keep the back cinch from sliding backward. HIH 1125-5 |
| Why should mangers in tie stalls be slanted as they descend from top to bottom? | So the horse will not hit its knees. HIH 320-5 |
| Name the type of stall bedding that is the most absorbent of all materials used for bedding horses. | Peat moss. HIH 340-1 |
| How do horses get rabies? | They are bitten by animals infected with rabies. HIH 710-5 |
| When a horse's diet is lacking in long stemmed roughage, what vice is the horse likely to develop? | Cribbing. HIH 710-5 |
| Name four of the internal parts of the horse that are affected and damaged by the EIA virus. | Kidneys; liver; spleen; lymph nodes; bone marrow; brain. |
| What is the purpose of a pannier? | To carry gear, food, equipment on a pack horse. HIH 1123-3 |
| Give two good reasons for why you would take your horse's feed and water buckets with you when you travel. | 1. Eating and drinking from familiar containers reduces stress in un-familiar places.2. Reduces risk of disease from contaminated mangers or water tanks. |
| Name another type of saddle beside the decker crcrossbuck that can be used as a pack saddle. | Stock saddle or McClellan saddle. HIH 1125-1 |
| Name the health factor you must consider when you purchase paint or stain for horse stalls or fences. | The paint or stain must be "non-toxic". HIH 350-2 |
| Hay should be of good quality all of the time but what time of the year is it important that it be especially good? | During the winter months. HIH 420-1 |
| What term describes the mare's multiple seasonal estrous cycles? | Polyestrus. HIH 910-5 |
| Describe the conformation defect that predisposes a horse to navicular disease. | Short, steep pasterns. HIH 220-6 |
| What period of time during a mare's pregnancy would not be a good time to de-wormer? | During the last 30 days of gestation. HIH 940-2 |
| Name three factors that are fundamental to the psychology of horse training. | Stimuli; responses; reinforcement. HIH 1240-1 |
| What is the distinguishing hair coat color of the golden American Saddlebred? | Body color has a golden hue with a white or flaxen mane and tail. HIH 155-1 |
| Approximately how much water will a mature horse drink in one day? | 10 - 12 gallons. HIH 710-7 |
| Give one example of why you would use a hot poultice on you horse. | To increase blood supply to an injured area. To draw out infection from an abscess or a puncture wound. |
| Name the two critical times of the year when there are more barn fires. | Winter and summer. HIH 340-1 |
| Name the major cause of infertility in a mare. | Uterine infections. HIH 940-1 |
| Name the sex of the horse that can become a long term carrier of Equine Viral Arteritis. | Male (stallion). HIH 620-1 & 2 |
| What does a farrier put on horseshoes that help to hold the shoes more securely to the horse's hoof? | Clips. HIH 525-2 |
| Name six items that you should include in a trailer first-aid kit. | Non-stick bandages; sheets of cotton bandage;leg quilts & wraps; twitch; elastic tape; eye stain& wash; elastic bandage; scissors; antiseptic; soap; tube of phenylbutazone. |
| What is the term for how much blood the heart can pump in one minute? | Cardiac output. HIH 850-4 |
| How do you spell rhinopneumonitis? | R-H-I-N-O-P-N-E-U-M-O-N-I-T-I-S. HIH 610-1 |
| What is endocrinology? | The study of hormones and their effects. HIH 910-5 |
| What are the benefits of using a slant load trailer for the horse ? | Horses seem to ride better, experience less stress and are more stable during starting and stopping. |
| What causes heat cramps? | Loss of electrolytes. HIH 410-1 |
| What is another name for Hunt seat? | Forward seat. HIH 1100-1 |
| What is the common name used for shoes having tungsten carbide on a mild steel base? | Borium. HIH 515-4 |
| What vitamin is necessary for the growth and development of normal hooves? | Vitamin A. HIH 505-2 |
| Which hormone do the luteal cells within the corpus hemorrhagicum and corpus luteum secrete? | Progesterone. HIH 910-6 |
| Which lethal genetic defect can result from mating two overo paint horses? | Lethal white foal syndrome. HIH 1060-6 |
| How long is a horn fly's life cycle? | Ten days. HIH 415-2 |
| Incisors and cheek teeth continue to erupt until what age? | Into their 20's. HIH 450-3 |
| What is the membranous organ called that connects the fetus to the lining of the uterus? | Placenta. HIH 860-1 |
| What is the most feasible, non-chemical means of breaking the fly life cycle? | Removing breeding material. HIH 415-3 |
| What should be placed under hay bales when storing on cement floors? | Wooden pallets. HIH 710-5 |
| How often should a foal's feet be trimmed? | Once a month and more often if correction is needed. HIH 525-3 |
| Suggest two ways to avoid aggressive behavior when group feeding. | Use separate feeders; space feeders 40 - 50 feet apart; use extra feeders; ensure an open area. |
| What are 3 vital signs which should be assessed during an examination of the horse? | Temperature, pulse, respiration, capillary refill time, mucous membrane color and tackiness, and skin pliability. |
| Name the four distinguishing characteristics of the Appaloosa. | Spotted coat, either leopard or blanket; mottled skin around the muzzle and genitalia; white sclera around the eyes; vertically striped hooves. |
| What is on an English bridle that is not found on a western bridle? | A cavesson or nose band. HIH 1100-8 |
| How does leather conditioner work? | Puts back vital oils. HIH 1100-14 |
| What effect does excessive phosphorous have on calcium? | Interferes with calcium absorption. HIH 820-2 |
| What feature differentiates roping reins fromother types? | Roping reins are on a continuous strap. HIH 1100-8 |
| How many inches taller should the trailer be than the horse's normal resting position of its head? | Ten inches. HIH 1155-2 |
| At what age do the permanent central teeth erupt? | 2.5 years of age. HIH 405-1 |
| Of what material are "never-rust" bits and hardware made? | Solid nickel. HIH 1100-10 |
| Give another name for the horse's hindgut. | Large intestine. HIH 710-2 |
| How much crude protein does clover hay contain? | 12%. HIH 820-2 |
| Which pack saddle is a centerfire-rigged single cinch with a wooden bar? | Decker. HIH 1125-1 |
| Name four of the six parts of the female reproductive tract. | Vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviducts, andovaries. HIH 910-1 |
| What is the best and safest type of wire to use for horse fencing | Five diamond, V-mesh. HIH 350-3 |
| In training terms, what does the term "trial" mean? | Practice. HIH 1240-6 |
| What word is defined as any deviation in structure or function that interferes with the horse's intended use or performance? | Unsoundness. HIH 230-1 |
| What is the purpose of the Jockey Club? | To maintain the American stud book for Thoroughbreds. HIH 157- |
| Which type of barn lighting, incandescent or fluorescent, is more energy efficient? | Fluorescent. HIH 320-7 |
| A normal foal weighs what percentage of the mare's body weight? | 9 - 10%. HIH 940-5 |
| What factors affect water requirements? | Work type, work load, weather, and diet. HIH 425-6 |
| What part of a horse's foot provides traction and absorbs shock? | The Frog. |
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Horsieboo
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