Fluids in Veterinary Medicine
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| show | pyrexia, rapid and weak pulse, panting, MM tacky, CRT slow, eyes may be sunken into orbits, extremities may be cool to touch, loss of skin elasticity
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| show | 37-55%
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| What is the normal PCV for a feline? | show 🗑
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| Why does the TP increase in a dehydrated animal? | show 🗑
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| Why does the Ur. Sp. Gr. increase in dehydrated animals? | show 🗑
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| If urinary output has failed because of urethral blockage, renal failure, or bladder rupture the electrolytes and metabolites are not being filtered and/or excreted. So what fluid would be best for this patient and why? | show 🗑
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| What are crystalloid solutions? | show 🗑
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| show | A group of fluids that contain large molecules that will remain in the intravascular space; they expand the circulating volume of the blood
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| What percent of body weight is composed of fluid? | show 🗑
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| show | The movement of water and electrolytes (molecules or solutes) across a semipermeable cell membrane from the side with higher solute concentration to the side with the lower solute concentration until they equilibrate.
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| show | When water moves across a cell membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to the side with the higher solute concentration until the concentrations equilibrate.
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| show | sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate
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| show | sodium
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| show | hyponatremia
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| show | hypernatremia
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| show | potassium, magnesium and phosphate
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| show | potassium
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| What is the term used for low serum potassium? | show 🗑
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| If a dog has parvovirus which of course causes vomiting and diarrhea what electrolyte needs to be in the replacement fluids that are given? | show 🗑
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| The most commonly seen case of hyperkalemia is seen in what instances? | show 🗑
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| The lungs should be auscultated frequently when an animal is on fluids for what reason? | show 🗑
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| show | 2-3
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| What is the normal urine output for an animal? | show 🗑
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| What does the urine specific gravity tell us about a patient? | show 🗑
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| Give examples of crystalloid solutions. | show 🗑
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| show | A fluid into which normal body cells can be placed without causing either shrinkage or swelling of the cells.
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| Define hypotonic. | show 🗑
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| Define hypertonic. | show 🗑
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| Define what crystalloid replacement solution means. | show 🗑
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| show | A solution that contains less sodium and more potassium. i.e. Normosol-M
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| show | kidney
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| show | conserve or excrete fluid
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| If the kidneys are conserving fluid what will the urine be? | show 🗑
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| show | dilute
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| show | hormones signal the kidneys to conserve or excrete fluid.
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| Which of the following is used to monitor fluid therapy? A) appetite B) bowel movements C) temperature D) urine output | show 🗑
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| One pound of water is equal to how many mls or pints? | show 🗑
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| show | vomiting and diarrhea or polyuria
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| What electrolyte imbalance is most likely to be found in a cat with total urethral obstruction? A) Hyperkalemia B) Hypokalemia C) Hyponatremia D) Hypercalcemia | show 🗑
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| show | easy to measure and refers to water lost through the urine and feces
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| What are insensible losses? | show 🗑
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| What can cause abnormal or accelerated loss of fluids? | show 🗑
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| What are the clinical signs of an animal that is less than 5% dehydrated? | show 🗑
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| show | Subtle loss of skin elasticity
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| show | obvious signs of shock and death is close
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| What are the clinical signs of an animal that is 10-12% dehydrated? | show 🗑
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| show | Slow skin tent return, slight prolong CRT, Eyes may be sunken, MM may be dry
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| show | 1-2 mls/kg/hr
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| What type of fluids are used for SQ? | show 🗑
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| What is a microdrip set? | show 🗑
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| show | less than 10 kg
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| show | Macro drip which administers 1 ml of fluid in 10, 15, or 20 drops
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