Fingerprint Vocab
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| Fingerprint Classification | a procedure in which fin- gerprints are grouped in a consistent and reliable way, such that different impressions of a same finger fall into a same group.
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| RIDGE CHARACTERISTICS (GALTON'S DETAILS) | Fingerprint ridges are not continuous. They
break and divide and these points are given specific names;
(1) Ridge Ending,
(2) Bifurcation (forking ridge),
(3) Dot,
(4) Short Ridge,
(5) Enclosure (Island)
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| INVISIBLE FINGERPRINTS- | those not readily seen but that can be developed through powders or chemicals
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| LATENT FINGERPRINT - | The chance impression, left on an item, through the transfer of
perspiration and oils, from the friction ridge skin to the item itself.
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| PATENT (PLASTIC) FINGERPRINT – | a reproduction of the ridges of the finger in a medium such as
wet paint, blood, putty, and some soft metals.
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| ARCHES- | ridges flow in one side and flow out the
opposite side. There are no deltas in an arch pattern.
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| LOOPS | the ridges will flow in one side, recurve, (loop
around) touch or pass through an imaginary line drawn from the
delta to the core, and exit the pattern on the same side as it entered.
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| WHORLS | A whorl pattern consists of a series of almost concentric circles.
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| VOICE PRINTS- | a visual record of speech, analyzed with respect to frequency, duration, and amplitude.
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| INKED FINGERPRINT | The intentional recording of the friction ridge skin. Using black printer's ink
and a fingerprint roller, the ridge characteristics of a particular individual, can be formally recorded
on a standard fingerprint card.
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| SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION | 1. The ridge arrangement on every finger of every person is different.
2. The ridge arrangement is permanent throughout the persons life, that is, the ridge
arrangement never changes from birth to death.
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| A.F.I.S. | a computer system that automatically searches a latent fingerprint recovered from a scene,
against millions of fingerprints contained within a fingerprint database.
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| DISSIMILARITY | a difference in which, in the opinion of the examiner, can be explained.
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| DISCREPANCY | a difference between two patterns, that can not be explained
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| DACTYLOGRAPHY - | the study of the science of fingerprints
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| CORE | is the approximate center of the finger pattern impression
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| INDIVIDUALIZATION | the opinion matching of a latent print to one person as its source to the
exclusion of all other people in the world.
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| CLASS ONE/LEVEL ONE DETAIL | the general ridge flow of a fingerprint.
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| CLASS TWO/LEVEL TWO DETAIL | aspects of a particular ridge path, including bifurcations,
endings, divisions; also referred to as minutiae or Galton's details.
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| CLASS THREE/LEVEL THREE DETAIL | finer detail concerning individual ridges, such as the shape
of the edges, their width, and the presence of pores.
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| ACE-V | an acronym for Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation, Verification. ACE-V describes the
recommended process or methodology for comparison of a latent print to a known print.
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