VTNE 2
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| Excess anticoagulant in a blood tube will | Affect red blood cells and white blood cells
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| What is the difference between a red-top Vacutainer and one with a mottled red-and-black top? | One contains serum separator gel and the other does not.
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| Which statement concerning EDTA is false? | It is the anticoagulant of choice for blood gas analysis.
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| In which group of animals would you normally expect to find nucleated RBCs? | Parrot, turkey, iguana
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| Common blood collection sites in the avian patient are the | Jugular and cutaneous ulnar veins
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| Arterial blood is most commonly used for | Blood gases
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| When you view a specimen under a compound microscope using the 40× objective and a 10× ocular, the total magnification of the specimen being viewed is | 400×
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| Which Vacutainer tube does not need to be inverted after collection of a blood sample? | Red top
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| Nucleated erythrocytes are normally not found in which species? | Ovine
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| Which pair are both agranulocytes? | Lymphocytes and monocytes
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| The least common leukocyte found on a normal bovine differential count is a(n) | Basophil
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| Macrocytic anemia suggests | Regeneration
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| The bone marrow is not a major site of production for what cell type? | Lymphocytes
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| Looking under a microscope at a blood smear, you see erythrocytes that are elliptical, not nucleated, and lacking central pallor. This blood was most likely collected from a healthy adult | Llama
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| Erythrocyte life spans vary from species to species, but the average is generally considered to be | 120 days
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| The total white blood cell count of a healthy adult dog ranges from | 6000 to 17,000/μL
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| Under the microscope you observe a leukocyte that you identify as an eosinophil. The eosinophil cytoplasm contains numerous rod-shaped granules. This blood sample is most likely from a healthy adult | Cat
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| The leukocyte most commonly associated with parasitic and allergic conditions is the | Eosinophil
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| A common finding on a blood smear from an animal with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is | Spherocytes
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| What test is usually considered of little diagnostic value? | MCH
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| On a complete blood count (CBC), all of the following findings could be expected in a patient with an infection, except | Narrow buffy coat
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| An elevated hematocrit is most commonly associated with | Dehydration
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| The hematology analyzer is not functioning properly. A good mathematical method to estimate hemoglobin is | One third the PCV
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| Which erythrocyte count is within the normal reference range for a healthy adult cat? | 6,250,000/μL
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| RBC fragments, resulting from shearing of the red blood cells by intravascular trauma, are known as | Schistocytes
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| For which of the following is low-power magnification not used? | To estimate platelet numbers
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| Heinz bodies may be a normal finding in up to 5% of the erythrocytes in what species? | Cats
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| What characteristic is not found in toxic neutrophils? | Howell-Jolly bodies
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| What laboratory test evaluates primary hemostasis? | Buccal mucosal bleeding time
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| The erythrocyte precursor that has a round, dense to completely pyknotic nucleus is a | Metarubricyte
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| The precursor cell of a thrombocyte is a | Megakaryocyte
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| Secondary hemostasis refers to | The coagulation cascade
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| As an erythrocyte develops | The nuclear chromatin becomes denser.
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| When collecting blood for a coagulation profile, it is especially important to | Minimize vascular trauma during venipuncture
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| A good presurgical screening test for von Willebrand disease is a(n) | Buccal mucosal bleeding time
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| The veterinarian must be careful not to injure the sciatic nerve when performing a bone marrow aspirate from which of the following sites? | Proximal femur
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| Which intracellular parasite appears fairly large, paired, and teardrop-shaped when viewed microscopically? | Babesia canis
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| An intracellular parasite, which appears as a structure called morula, found in the cytoplasm of leukocytes, is | Ehrlichia
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| Physical signs of hypocoagulation include all of the following, except | Thromboembolism
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| The normal myeloid to erythroid ratio on a bone marrow smear is | 2:1
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| A buffy coat examination for microfilaria can be made in conjunction with what other hematologic procedure? | Packed cell volume
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| What is a proper lens cleaner to use for the care and maintenance of a compound microscope? | Xylene
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| The ability of the renal tubules to concentrate or dilute a urine sample is assessed by what component of the urinalysis? | Specific gravity
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| The largest of the epithelial cells found in urine are the | Squamous epithelial cells
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| The most common uroliths found in feline and canine urine are | Struvite
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| The best method of urine collection to assess the patency of the urethra is | Catheterization
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| Which of the following statements regarding casts is false? | Casts dissolve in acidic urine.
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| What change would not be seen in stale urine? | Decrease in pH
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| Lipuria is seen most commonly in what species? | Cats
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| Bilirubinuria is considered a normal finding in what species? | Dogs
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| Sadie, a 17-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat, is in the final stages of chronic renal failure. On presentation, you expect to find that her urine specific gravity will probably be | 1.012
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| Which of the following tests is considered accurate when using colorimetric dip sticks for biochemical testing? | pH
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| What method of urine sample collection would not be associated with traumatic hematuria? | Free catch
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| Casts associated with chronic, severe degeneration of the renal tubules that appear smooth and refractile with squared ends are casts. | Waxy
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| A normal adult horse would most likely have a urinary pH of | 7.5
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| Ketonuria is most commonly associated with what condition? | Diabetes mellitus
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| Aged urine samples left at room temperature and exposed to UV light may cause a false negative result in which of the following biochemical tests? | Bilirubin
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| The best sample to examine for specific gravity of canine urine is the | First morning sample
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| Struvite crystals are composed of | Magnesium ammonium phosphates
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| Which statement regarding catheterization in female dogs is false? | Catheterization is often better tolerated by the dog than cystocentesis.
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| Urinary pH is not affected by the | Presence of crystals in the urine
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| The two most common problems encountered in samples to be evaluated for clinical chemistry are | Hemolysis and lipemia
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| Squamous epithelial cells are not normally seen in urine samples obtained by | Cystocentesis
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| Uric acid is the major nitrogenous waste in | Birds
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| Which of the following statements regarding creatinine is false? | It is a less reliable indicator of renal function than BUN.
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| A good initial urinary screening test for suspected Cushing disease is | Cortisol/creatinine ratio
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| Proteins that induce chemical changes in other substances but are not changed themselves are called | Enzymes
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| What biochemical tests are not considered part of a primary hepatic profile? | BUN and creatinine
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| The total serum protein is 7.3 g/dl and the albumin is 3.5 g/dl. What are the globulin value and the A/G ratio, respectively? | 3.8 g/dl, 0.92
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| A fecal smear can be stained for fat. An increased amount of fat is indicative of | Steatorrhea
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| Which is the correct method to use when performing a serum bile acids assay? | Draw a blood sample on a fasting animal, feed the animal, and draw another sample 2 hours later.
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| The stain used to stain undigested fecal starch is | Lugol iodine
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| The current test of choice for evaluating liver function is | Bile acids
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| The main function of bicarbonate is to | Maintain balanced body pH levels
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| A box of reagents for blood chemistry analysis labeled for storage at 8° C should be stored | In the refrigerator
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| Phosphorus concentrations in the body are usually inversely related to the concentration of what substance? | Calcium
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| Cholesterol and triglycerides are plasma | Lipids
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| It is importance for the body to maintain the blood pH at a constant level to maximize function of all body systems. Normal blood pH is | 7.4
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| Which squares of the Neubauer hemocytometer are used to count leukocytes? | All nine large squares
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| Which squares of the Neubauer hemocytometer are used to count platelets? | All 25 small squares of the central primary square
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| Heterophils in the avian species are the equivalent of the mammalian | Neutrophils
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| If eosinophil Unopettes are available, they can be used to indirectly determine the total count of avian | White blood cells
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| Kidney disease results in accumulation of metabolic waste in the blood, a condition known as | Azotemia
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| Prerenal azotemia refers to | Increases in BUN resulting from dehydration, shock, and/or decreased blood flow to the kidneys
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| What blood cell is also known as a PMN? | Neutrophil
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| The most common urine crystal seen in horses and rabbits is | Calcium carbonate
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| For determining specific gravity values, what is the order, from most reliable to least reliable method? | Refractometer, urinometer, reagent test strip
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| Which of the following crystals is most likely to be found in the urine of an animal with ethylene glycol toxicity? | Calcium oxalate
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| What species has multiple forms of reticulocytes? | Cat
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| Postrenal azotemia refers to | Increases in BUN resulting from an inability to urinate
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| A glucose tolerance test is used to help diagnose | Diabetes mellitus
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| Which white blood cell is known as “the first line of defense” after a microorganism has entered the body? | Neutrophil
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| The anticoagulant of choice for avian and reptile hematology is | Lithium heparin
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| Which of these tubes must never be placed on a blood rocker after being filled with blood? | Red top
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| Once blood has formed a clot, you can reverse this process by | There is no reversal
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| If you are unable to perform a CBC within 1 hour of blood collection, which of the following is the best method of preservation? | Refrigerate the sample
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| The mucin clot test is performed on | Joint fluid
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| If a 1:1 dilution of a serum sample is made before analyzing the serum chemistries, the results must be multiplied by | Two
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| Which of these is least likely to interfere with blood chemistry test results? | Fasting serum
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| Which of the following statements is true in regard to using hemolyzed serum in a dry chemistry analyzer? | Hemolyzed serum can falsely elevate some results.
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