Chapter 1
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| Lucy | 3.2 billion year old skeleton of first human-like creature
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| Big Bang Theory | A theory that shows how the world was created in the beginning
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| Neolithic | At the end of the stone age.Spread of agricultural practices, and use of polished stone tools
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| Jared Diamond-Farming Mistake? | A book explaining farming was the worst mistake humans ever made
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| Domestication of Animals | When we first domesticated animals as humans
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| Llama | only domesticated animal that was from America
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| Job Specialism | When humans first had independent jobs and counted on each other to fulfill other needs
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| Religion | A belief in god or many gods
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| Polytheistic | belief of many gods.
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| Buildings | After nomadic period humans made houses and buildings for supplies and and shelter
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| Technology | Humans crafted certain rocks and metals to use for easier work or defense
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| Metal | A substance that can be crafted for tools
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| Wheel | A circle to be used to roll things(important invention)
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| Plow | Tool used to garden, created in agriculture revolution
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| Bronze age(3000BCE) | When humans first used bronze as a tool
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| Iron age(1300BC) | When humans first used Iron as a tool
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| Trade | Between two or more people, giving one item for another
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| Women Status Decline | After Nomadic period Women werent needed as much for helping grow food, so men took charge over caring and controlling household.
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| Civilization Transition | The transition of humans being more civilized and not having to worry about finding a meal everyday, so more time to create and think
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| Mesopotamia | between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
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| Wheel | One of the first inventions humans made, a rolling circle
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| Religion-Angry Gods | When bad things would happen, people assumed the gods were unhappy.
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| Social Stratification | A person having authority over another and that person having authority over another
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| Cuneiform | Writings.
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| Polytheistic | Belief in Many Gods.
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| Politics | Doing something as a ruler to have the people like you.
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| Hammurabi’s Code | First code telling people punishment for crimes and how to govern a place.
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| Social Classes | Classes to have people separated and different amount of importance and treatment
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| Diffusion of Iron | Spread of iron
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| Old Kingdom(3100-2500BCE) | When England focused mostly on art,and the age of pyramid building
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| Middle Kingdom(2100-1650BCE) | The Nile was more reliable. Less conflict in Egypt and more conflict everywhere else.
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| New Kingdom(1550-700BCE) | Lots of Trade, Women ruler in Egypt for first time.
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| Pharaoh | Kings who had complete control, Epyptians.
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| Centralized Government | A Government that was in control of other Governments
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| Polytheistic | Belief in many gods.
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| Hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing system and which pictures stood for objects.
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| Pyramids | Ancient Burial Places of Pharaohs and other high political Egyptians
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| Paper Papyrus | first paper created and made of papyrus
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| Status women’s declines | Less rights given to women because of authority and work done by men.
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| Women Social standard more in Egypt | Egypt had an exception and treated women more fairly, we know this because of the women Pharaoh
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| Cultural Diffusion | the spread of ideas, technology and other things through people to people.
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| Advanced written language | When humans first were able to have human to human speech/letters to communicate
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| Indus seals | Writing of symbols on stones
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| Harappa | Writings of symbols on stones
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| Mohnejo-Daro | One of the largest civilizations in the indus river valley
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| Social Classes | Classes that separate people status and treatment
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| Long Distance Trade | Trades that were by ships or travel for a long distance
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| Statue of Priest | Worship of priest on a statue, fist idol (statue worship)
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| Statue of fertility | A women statue the represents fertility, mostly a women of large hips and breasts.
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| Polytheistic | Belief in many gods
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| Hinduism | Worship of many gods and an afterlife in a different form
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| Chavin | A civilization in Peru that lasted about 700 years and was known for their sculptures
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| Olmec | A ancient civilization that lasted around 800 years and formed on the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico
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| China | A large landmass with many dynasties and history
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| Shang | Ruled China for 500 years, discovered bronze casting
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| Oracle Bone | A bone that would decide rule and answers by god(s)
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| Mandate of Heaven | A ancient Chinese belief that gods let the emperors rule fairly and govern well
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| Indo-Europeans | Family of languages over the greater part of India and Europe
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| Bantu | A person or member of the people of central and southern Africa
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| Hebrews-Monotheism | The first people to believe in one creator and one god
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| Dinosaurs | Large extinct creatures that roamed the earth long ago.
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| Ancient River Valley | An ancient civilization that lived in the Indus River Valley 2500BCE-1500BCE
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| fertile cresent | A place with lots of good land, became somewhere to trade ideas.
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| Hammurabi | the king of Babylon, creator of Hammurabi's Code.
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| Osiris | Osiris was the God of the Nile, and gave people an afterlife.
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| Dynastic Cycle | the rise and fall of dynasties.
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| Surplus | More than you need
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| civilization | organized, people settling in one spot
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| pictograph | drawings that look like what they are
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| Empire | place/places all under control by one person
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| Dynasty | A family that are rulers and passed down to the son or daughter after death
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| Rosetta Stone | Similar and based off Hieroglyphics with minor changes
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| Feudalism | Were lesser leader/kings obeyed larger and more powerful kings
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| end of the last ice age | cause bigger animals to die off, greener lands, more food sources, helped homo-sapiens
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| Fertile Cresent | Shaped in a half circle and very fertile land in Western Asia
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| teosinte | was a early stage of corn before genectically engineered
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| diffusion | the spread of something through word of mouth, migration, trade
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| Bantu Migration | Bantu migrated south in Africa taking over civilization of paleolithic people
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| peoples of austrailia | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were the first inhabitants about 40,000 years ago
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| Banpo | a major place where a neolithic revolutiong settlement started
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| Secondary products revolution | When settlements of neolithic came in, inventions took a huge leap and animals where domesticated and lots of diffusion happened with technology
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| pastoral societies | Where farming was difficult and you had to use domestications of animals, none in Americas(Llamas)
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| Catalhuyuk | a huge neolithic settlement in southern Anatolia
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| stateless societies | cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government.
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| chiefdoms | A leader of a group that didnt have as much power as a king but more than a modern day president (Tigris-Euphrates)
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| What is the significance of the paleolithic era in WH? | Longest era in world history, gatherers
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| In what ways did various Paleolithic societies differ from one another, and how did they change over time? | Wherever the lived the geography and landscape caused difference, adapting to their environment, social organizations, religion, government, diet and clothing.
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| Which Statements in this chapter seem to be reliable and solidly based on facts, and which ones are more speculative and uncertain? | While all Paleolithic humans shared a lifestyle of gathering and hunting, different variations in their environments and their different food supplies did create differences among groups and increased everywhere
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| The Agriculture Revolution marked a decisive turning point in human history, what evidence might you offer to support this claim, and how might you argue against it? | new domesticated crops and animals,
but humans were able to get enough resources for themselves before agriculture
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| How early did societies differ from those of the paleolithic era? How does this example of settled gathering and hunting peoples such as the chumash complicate this comparison? | Agricultural societies began before the Paleolithic era.
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| was the agriculture revolution inevitable? Why did it occur so late in humankind? | Inevitable,end of Ice Age brings more favorable farming conditions
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| The Agriculture revolution provides evidence in progress in human affairs. how would you evaluate this statement? | People can settle down and form some kind of society
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| What distinguished civilizations from other forms of human community? | Religion, government, culture
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| how does the term civilization by historians differ from that popular usage? how do you use the term? | Civilization is the stage of social culture and civility of a group of people characterized generally, but not always, for social progress.
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| Civilizations were held together largely by force. Do you agree with this assessment, or where there were other mechanisms of integration as well? | Disagree. You could argue they were created by force, as smaller tribes or nation states were brought into the emerging civilizations. But civilizations offered enough benefits that force was not needed
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Created by:
1415thomasburdette
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