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Unit 1 Vocab
Chapter 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Lucy | 3.2 billion year old skeleton of first human-like creature |
Big Bang Theory | A theory that shows how the world was created in the beginning |
Neolithic | At the end of the stone age.Spread of agricultural practices, and use of polished stone tools |
Jared Diamond-Farming Mistake? | A book explaining farming was the worst mistake humans ever made |
Domestication of Animals | When we first domesticated animals as humans |
Llama | only domesticated animal that was from America |
Job Specialism | When humans first had independent jobs and counted on each other to fulfill other needs |
Religion | A belief in god or many gods |
Polytheistic | belief of many gods. |
Buildings | After nomadic period humans made houses and buildings for supplies and and shelter |
Technology | Humans crafted certain rocks and metals to use for easier work or defense |
Metal | A substance that can be crafted for tools |
Wheel | A circle to be used to roll things(important invention) |
Plow | Tool used to garden, created in agriculture revolution |
Bronze age(3000BCE) | When humans first used bronze as a tool |
Iron age(1300BC) | When humans first used Iron as a tool |
Trade | Between two or more people, giving one item for another |
Women Status Decline | After Nomadic period Women werent needed as much for helping grow food, so men took charge over caring and controlling household. |
Civilization Transition | The transition of humans being more civilized and not having to worry about finding a meal everyday, so more time to create and think |
Mesopotamia | between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
Wheel | One of the first inventions humans made, a rolling circle |
Religion-Angry Gods | When bad things would happen, people assumed the gods were unhappy. |
Social Stratification | A person having authority over another and that person having authority over another |
Cuneiform | Writings. |
Polytheistic | Belief in Many Gods. |
Politics | Doing something as a ruler to have the people like you. |
Hammurabi’s Code | First code telling people punishment for crimes and how to govern a place. |
Social Classes | Classes to have people separated and different amount of importance and treatment |
Diffusion of Iron | Spread of iron |
Old Kingdom(3100-2500BCE) | When England focused mostly on art,and the age of pyramid building |
Middle Kingdom(2100-1650BCE) | The Nile was more reliable. Less conflict in Egypt and more conflict everywhere else. |
New Kingdom(1550-700BCE) | Lots of Trade, Women ruler in Egypt for first time. |
Pharaoh | Kings who had complete control, Epyptians. |
Centralized Government | A Government that was in control of other Governments |
Polytheistic | Belief in many gods. |
Hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing system and which pictures stood for objects. |
Pyramids | Ancient Burial Places of Pharaohs and other high political Egyptians |
Paper Papyrus | first paper created and made of papyrus |
Status women’s declines | Less rights given to women because of authority and work done by men. |
Women Social standard more in Egypt | Egypt had an exception and treated women more fairly, we know this because of the women Pharaoh |
Cultural Diffusion | the spread of ideas, technology and other things through people to people. |
Advanced written language | When humans first were able to have human to human speech/letters to communicate |
Indus seals | Writing of symbols on stones |
Harappa | Writings of symbols on stones |
Mohnejo-Daro | One of the largest civilizations in the indus river valley |
Social Classes | Classes that separate people status and treatment |
Long Distance Trade | Trades that were by ships or travel for a long distance |
Statue of Priest | Worship of priest on a statue, fist idol (statue worship) |
Statue of fertility | A women statue the represents fertility, mostly a women of large hips and breasts. |
Polytheistic | Belief in many gods |
Hinduism | Worship of many gods and an afterlife in a different form |
Chavin | A civilization in Peru that lasted about 700 years and was known for their sculptures |
Olmec | A ancient civilization that lasted around 800 years and formed on the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico |
China | A large landmass with many dynasties and history |
Shang | Ruled China for 500 years, discovered bronze casting |
Oracle Bone | A bone that would decide rule and answers by god(s) |
Mandate of Heaven | A ancient Chinese belief that gods let the emperors rule fairly and govern well |
Indo-Europeans | Family of languages over the greater part of India and Europe |
Bantu | A person or member of the people of central and southern Africa |
Hebrews-Monotheism | The first people to believe in one creator and one god |
Dinosaurs | Large extinct creatures that roamed the earth long ago. |
Ancient River Valley | An ancient civilization that lived in the Indus River Valley 2500BCE-1500BCE |
fertile cresent | A place with lots of good land, became somewhere to trade ideas. |
Hammurabi | the king of Babylon, creator of Hammurabi's Code. |
Osiris | Osiris was the God of the Nile, and gave people an afterlife. |
Dynastic Cycle | the rise and fall of dynasties. |
Surplus | More than you need |
civilization | organized, people settling in one spot |
pictograph | drawings that look like what they are |
Empire | place/places all under control by one person |
Dynasty | A family that are rulers and passed down to the son or daughter after death |
Rosetta Stone | Similar and based off Hieroglyphics with minor changes |
Feudalism | Were lesser leader/kings obeyed larger and more powerful kings |
end of the last ice age | cause bigger animals to die off, greener lands, more food sources, helped homo-sapiens |
Fertile Cresent | Shaped in a half circle and very fertile land in Western Asia |
teosinte | was a early stage of corn before genectically engineered |
diffusion | the spread of something through word of mouth, migration, trade |
Bantu Migration | Bantu migrated south in Africa taking over civilization of paleolithic people |
peoples of austrailia | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were the first inhabitants about 40,000 years ago |
Banpo | a major place where a neolithic revolutiong settlement started |
Secondary products revolution | When settlements of neolithic came in, inventions took a huge leap and animals where domesticated and lots of diffusion happened with technology |
pastoral societies | Where farming was difficult and you had to use domestications of animals, none in Americas(Llamas) |
Catalhuyuk | a huge neolithic settlement in southern Anatolia |
stateless societies | cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government. |
chiefdoms | A leader of a group that didnt have as much power as a king but more than a modern day president (Tigris-Euphrates) |
What is the significance of the paleolithic era in WH? | Longest era in world history, gatherers |
In what ways did various Paleolithic societies differ from one another, and how did they change over time? | Wherever the lived the geography and landscape caused difference, adapting to their environment, social organizations, religion, government, diet and clothing. |
Which Statements in this chapter seem to be reliable and solidly based on facts, and which ones are more speculative and uncertain? | While all Paleolithic humans shared a lifestyle of gathering and hunting, different variations in their environments and their different food supplies did create differences among groups and increased everywhere |
The Agriculture Revolution marked a decisive turning point in human history, what evidence might you offer to support this claim, and how might you argue against it? | new domesticated crops and animals, but humans were able to get enough resources for themselves before agriculture |
How early did societies differ from those of the paleolithic era? How does this example of settled gathering and hunting peoples such as the chumash complicate this comparison? | Agricultural societies began before the Paleolithic era. |
was the agriculture revolution inevitable? Why did it occur so late in humankind? | Inevitable,end of Ice Age brings more favorable farming conditions |
The Agriculture revolution provides evidence in progress in human affairs. how would you evaluate this statement? | People can settle down and form some kind of society |
What distinguished civilizations from other forms of human community? | Religion, government, culture |
how does the term civilization by historians differ from that popular usage? how do you use the term? | Civilization is the stage of social culture and civility of a group of people characterized generally, but not always, for social progress. |
Civilizations were held together largely by force. Do you agree with this assessment, or where there were other mechanisms of integration as well? | Disagree. You could argue they were created by force, as smaller tribes or nation states were brought into the emerging civilizations. But civilizations offered enough benefits that force was not needed |