| Question | Answer |
| Lucy | 3.2 billion year old skeleton of first human-like creature |
| Big Bang Theory | A theory that shows how the world was created in the beginning |
| Neolithic | At the end of the stone age.Spread of agricultural practices, and use of polished stone tools |
| Jared Diamond-Farming Mistake? | A book explaining farming was the worst mistake humans ever made |
| Domestication of Animals | When we first domesticated animals as humans |
| Llama | only domesticated animal that was from America |
| Job Specialism | When humans first had independent jobs and counted on each other to fulfill other needs |
| Religion | A belief in god or many gods |
| Polytheistic | belief of many gods. |
| Buildings | After nomadic period humans made houses and buildings for supplies and and shelter |
| Technology | Humans crafted certain rocks and metals to use for easier work or defense |
| Metal | A substance that can be crafted for tools |
| Wheel | A circle to be used to roll things(important invention) |
| Plow | Tool used to garden, created in agriculture revolution |
| Bronze age(3000BCE) | When humans first used bronze as a tool |
| Iron age(1300BC) | When humans first used Iron as a tool |
| Trade | Between two or more people, giving one item for another |
| Women Status Decline | After Nomadic period Women werent needed as much for helping grow food, so men took charge over caring and controlling household. |
| Civilization Transition | The transition of humans being more civilized and not having to worry about finding a meal everyday, so more time to create and think |
| Mesopotamia | between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| Wheel | One of the first inventions humans made, a rolling circle |
| Religion-Angry Gods | When bad things would happen, people assumed the gods were unhappy. |
| Social Stratification | A person having authority over another and that person having authority over another |
| Cuneiform | Writings. |
| Polytheistic | Belief in Many Gods. |
| Politics | Doing something as a ruler to have the people like you. |
| Hammurabi’s Code | First code telling people punishment for crimes and how to govern a place. |
| Social Classes | Classes to have people separated and different amount of importance and treatment |
| Diffusion of Iron | Spread of iron |
| Old Kingdom(3100-2500BCE) | When England focused mostly on art,and the age of pyramid building |
| Middle Kingdom(2100-1650BCE) | The Nile was more reliable. Less conflict in Egypt and more conflict everywhere else. |
| New Kingdom(1550-700BCE) | Lots of Trade, Women ruler in Egypt for first time. |
| Pharaoh | Kings who had complete control, Epyptians. |
| Centralized Government | A Government that was in control of other Governments |
| Polytheistic | Belief in many gods. |
| Hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing system and which pictures stood for objects. |
| Pyramids | Ancient Burial Places of Pharaohs and other high political Egyptians |
| Paper Papyrus | first paper created and made of papyrus |
| Status women’s declines | Less rights given to women because of authority and work done by men. |
| Women Social standard more in Egypt | Egypt had an exception and treated women more fairly, we know this because of the women Pharaoh |
| Cultural Diffusion | the spread of ideas, technology and other things through people to people. |
| Advanced written language | When humans first were able to have human to human speech/letters to communicate |
| Indus seals | Writing of symbols on stones |
| Harappa | Writings of symbols on stones |
| Mohnejo-Daro | One of the largest civilizations in the indus river valley |
| Social Classes | Classes that separate people status and treatment |
| Long Distance Trade | Trades that were by ships or travel for a long distance |
| Statue of Priest | Worship of priest on a statue, fist idol (statue worship) |
| Statue of fertility | A women statue the represents fertility, mostly a women of large hips and breasts. |
| Polytheistic | Belief in many gods |
| Hinduism | Worship of many gods and an afterlife in a different form |
| Chavin | A civilization in Peru that lasted about 700 years and was known for their sculptures |
| Olmec | A ancient civilization that lasted around 800 years and formed on the southern part of the Gulf of Mexico |
| China | A large landmass with many dynasties and history |
| Shang | Ruled China for 500 years, discovered bronze casting |
| Oracle Bone | A bone that would decide rule and answers by god(s) |
| Mandate of Heaven | A ancient Chinese belief that gods let the emperors rule fairly and govern well |
| Indo-Europeans | Family of languages over the greater part of India and Europe |
| Bantu | A person or member of the people of central and southern Africa |
| Hebrews-Monotheism | The first people to believe in one creator and one god |
| Dinosaurs | Large extinct creatures that roamed the earth long ago. |
| Ancient River Valley | An ancient civilization that lived in the Indus River Valley 2500BCE-1500BCE |
| fertile cresent | A place with lots of good land, became somewhere to trade ideas. |
| Hammurabi | the king of Babylon, creator of Hammurabi's Code. |
| Osiris | Osiris was the God of the Nile, and gave people an afterlife. |
| Dynastic Cycle | the rise and fall of dynasties. |
| Surplus | More than you need |
| civilization | organized, people settling in one spot |
| pictograph | drawings that look like what they are |
| Empire | place/places all under control by one person |
| Dynasty | A family that are rulers and passed down to the son or daughter after death |
| Rosetta Stone | Similar and based off Hieroglyphics with minor changes |
| Feudalism | Were lesser leader/kings obeyed larger and more powerful kings |
| end of the last ice age | cause bigger animals to die off, greener lands, more food sources, helped homo-sapiens |
| Fertile Cresent | Shaped in a half circle and very fertile land in Western Asia |
| teosinte | was a early stage of corn before genectically engineered |
| diffusion | the spread of something through word of mouth, migration, trade |
| Bantu Migration | Bantu migrated south in Africa taking over civilization of paleolithic people |
| peoples of austrailia | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples were the first inhabitants about 40,000 years ago |
| Banpo | a major place where a neolithic revolutiong settlement started |
| Secondary products revolution | When settlements of neolithic came in, inventions took a huge leap and animals where domesticated and lots of diffusion happened with technology |
| pastoral societies | Where farming was difficult and you had to use domestications of animals, none in Americas(Llamas) |
| Catalhuyuk | a huge neolithic settlement in southern Anatolia |
| stateless societies | cultural groups in which authority is shared by lineages of equal power instead of being exercised by a central government. |
| chiefdoms | A leader of a group that didnt have as much power as a king but more than a modern day president (Tigris-Euphrates) |
| What is the significance of the paleolithic era in WH? | Longest era in world history, gatherers |
| In what ways did various Paleolithic societies differ from one another, and how did they change over time? | Wherever the lived the geography and landscape caused difference, adapting to their environment, social organizations, religion, government, diet and clothing. |
| Which Statements in this chapter seem to be reliable and solidly based on facts, and which ones are more speculative and uncertain? | While all Paleolithic humans shared a lifestyle of gathering and hunting, different variations in their environments and their different food supplies did create differences among groups and increased everywhere |
| The Agriculture Revolution marked a decisive turning point in human history, what evidence might you offer to support this claim, and how might you argue against it? | new domesticated crops and animals,
but humans were able to get enough resources for themselves before agriculture |
| How early did societies differ from those of the paleolithic era? How does this example of settled gathering and hunting peoples such as the chumash complicate this comparison? | Agricultural societies began before the Paleolithic era. |
| was the agriculture revolution inevitable? Why did it occur so late in humankind? | Inevitable,end of Ice Age brings more favorable farming conditions |
| The Agriculture revolution provides evidence in progress in human affairs. how would you evaluate this statement? | People can settle down and form some kind of society |
| What distinguished civilizations from other forms of human community? | Religion, government, culture |
| how does the term civilization by historians differ from that popular usage? how do you use the term? | Civilization is the stage of social culture and civility of a group of people characterized generally, but not always, for social progress. |
| Civilizations were held together largely by force. Do you agree with this assessment, or where there were other mechanisms of integration as well? | Disagree. You could argue they were created by force, as smaller tribes or nation states were brought into the emerging civilizations. But civilizations offered enough benefits that force was not needed |
