Drugs
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| change precursor availability | L-dopa for Parkinson's disease acts | presynaptic
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| inhibit nerotransmitter synthesis | alpha methyltyrosine | presynaptic
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| inhibit storage of neurotransmitter | reserpine- | presynaptic
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| alter release of neurotransmitter | amphetamine | presynaptic
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| cholinergic nuclei | septal nuclei nucleus basalis of Meynert Striatum Cholinergic interneurons dorsal tegmental area of pontine reticular formation |
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| Septal nuclei | projects via fornix to hippocampus |
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| Nucleus Basalis of Meynert | projects to neocortex affected during Alzheimers |
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| Striatum | contains cholinergic interneurons Degenerates in Huntington's diasease |
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| Dorsal tegmental area of pontine reticular formation | projects to the thalamus involved in maintaining states of consciousness |
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| Dopaminergic systems | -substantia nigra pars compacta -ventral tegmental area of reticular formation -arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus |
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| substantia nigra pars compatcta | projects to striatum via nigrostriatal pathway degenerates in Parkinson's disease |
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| Ventral tegmental area of reticular formation | projects to cortical and subcortical limbic nuclei Schizophrenia associated with increased dopamine production |
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| arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus | projects to the infundibular portal system regulates prolactin release |
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| Noradrenergic system? | Locus coeruleus lateral tegmental area of reticular formation |
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| lateral tegmental area of reticular formation | involved in descending control of PAIN |
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| Locus Coeruleus | projects diffusely to entire CNS involved in attention and states of arousal |
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| Serotonergic system | Raphe nuclei pineal gland |
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| Pineal gland | converts 5HT to melatonin regulates circadian rythms |
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| Raphe Nuclei | -located all along midline of brainstem -project diffusely to entire CNS -reduced 5HT associated with depression & insomnia -reduced 5HT associated associated with depression and insomnia - increased 5HT associated with mania -descending pain contro |
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| affected in Huntington's diases | striatum |
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| affected in Parkinson's disease | substantia nigra pars compacta |
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| affected in ventral tegmental area of reticular formation | Schizophrenia |
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| involved in attention and arousal | locus coeruleus |
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| Nuclei (plural) involved in descending pain control | ateral tegmental area of reticular formation raphe nuclei |
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| Alzheimers drugs | aricept tacrine donepezil |
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| Chronic INflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) | autoimmune attack on myelin sheath, axon undamaged electrical activity doesn't reach NMJ--> muscle atrophy |
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| Neuroma | tangled mass of poorly regenerated axons forms near site of lesion or along route of regrowth generate extreme pain due to C fibers associated with phantom limb syndrome (PLS) |
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| Acoustic neuroma | tumor of CN VIII swirl of nerve sheath cells |
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| riluzole | treat ALS by binding to sodium channels and inhibiting opening this inhibits Ca++ influx thus excitotoxicity seen in ALS |
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| Diazepam | Gaba receptor agonist to treat anxiety (long term) |
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| Lorazepam (ativan) | treat anxiety--> Gaba receptor agonist |
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| Stychrine | Glycine antagonist convulsant because it inhibitis an inhibitory synapase (dysinhibition) |
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| methodone | prevents heroin & morphine interaction with opoiod receptors for natural pain killers (endorphins |
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| blockage of reuptake | antidepressants | presynaptic
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