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Neuro Clinic Syndrom
Clinical Syndromes associated with Neuroanatomy
| Cause | Symptoms | Syndrome |
|---|---|---|
| Obstruction of CSF bloodflow due to obstruction of tentorial notch or stenosis of cerebral aqueduct | Non-communicating Hydrocephalus | |
| Ischemia in watershed area of MCA and ACA | Loss of ability to abduct arms, flex elboms and flex or extend hips | Man in a Barrel Syndrome (Brachial Diplegia) |
| Hypertension, Diabetes increases spontaneity of these | Abrupt onset of focal neurologic deficit often affecting the basal ganglia, pons, thalamus, and cerebellum | Intracerebral Hemorrhage |
| IIntracranial aneurysm | Sudden onset of worst headache of life | Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| Rupture of atherosclerotic plaque ruptures causing platelets to clump which leads to occlusion of a vessel | Ischemic stroke Note: Branch points are common sources of atherosclerotic plagues | |
| Thrombus forms in heart and travels to the brain | Multiple different areas of the brain affected | Cardioembolic stroke |
| Small penetrating arteries occlude causing holes in the brain | Lacunar infarct Note: Better prognosis than other two subtypes of stroke | |
| Lesion of lateral corticospinal tract in spinal cord | Paresis/paralysis Hypertonia Hyperreflexia Positive Babinski sign | UMN lesion |
| Lesion of ventral horn cells or nerve roots | Paresis/paralysis Hyporeflexia/Areflexia Muscle atrophy Fasciculations Hypotonia | LMN lesion |
| Lesion of one half of spinal cord (spinal cord hemisection) | Ipsilateral loss of 2-pt discimination, conscious proprioception (dorsal columns) Ipsilateral UMN signs (lateral corticospinal tract) Contralateral loss of pain/temp sensation 1-2 segments below lesion (STT) | Brown-Sequard Syndrome |
| Tabes dorsalis (demyelination of axons in dorsal columns secondary to untreated syphilis) Conditions affecting sensory nerves | Positive Rhomberg Test - patient sways or loses balance when eyes are closed Note: Not a cerebellar sign (patients with cerebellar signs won't be able to balance with eyes open) | |
| Infarct in anterior spinal artery | Bilateral loss of pain/temp sensation below level of lesion (STT) Bilateral paralysis below level of lesion including UMN signs (lateral corticospinal tract) LMN signs at level of lesion (ventral horn) Paralysis of traps/SCM if in cervical spine( | Anterior Cord Syndrome Note: Dorsal columns intact |
| Vascular events usually not involved Untreated syphilis Frederick's ataxia - inherited cause | Loss of 2-pt discimination, proprioception (dorsal columns) Agraphestesia Astereognosis Positive Rhomberg sign Locomotor ataxia | Posterior Cord Syndrome |
| Impaired CSF resorption due to problem with arachnoid granulations | Communicating Hydrocephalus |
Created by:
kmkremer
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