| Question | Answer | |
| change precursor availability | L-dopa for Parkinson's disease
acts | presynaptic |
| inhibit nerotransmitter synthesis | alpha methyltyrosine | presynaptic |
| inhibit storage of neurotransmitter | reserpine- | presynaptic |
| alter release of neurotransmitter | amphetamine | presynaptic |
| cholinergic nuclei | septal nuclei
nucleus basalis of Meynert
Striatum
Cholinergic interneurons
dorsal tegmental area of pontine reticular formation | |
| Septal nuclei | projects via fornix to hippocampus | |
| Nucleus Basalis of Meynert | projects to neocortex
affected during Alzheimers | |
| Striatum | contains cholinergic interneurons
Degenerates in Huntington's diasease | |
| Dorsal tegmental area of pontine reticular formation | projects to the thalamus
involved in maintaining states of consciousness | |
| Dopaminergic systems | -substantia nigra pars compacta
-ventral tegmental area of reticular formation
-arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus | |
| substantia nigra pars compatcta | projects to striatum via nigrostriatal pathway
degenerates in Parkinson's disease | |
| Ventral tegmental area of reticular formation | projects to cortical and subcortical limbic nuclei
Schizophrenia associated with increased dopamine production | |
| arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus | projects to the infundibular portal system
regulates prolactin release | |
| Noradrenergic system? | Locus coeruleus
lateral tegmental area of reticular formation | |
| lateral tegmental area of reticular formation | involved in descending control of PAIN | |
| Locus Coeruleus | projects diffusely to entire CNS
involved in attention and states of arousal | |
| Serotonergic system | Raphe nuclei
pineal gland | |
| Pineal gland | converts 5HT to melatonin
regulates circadian rythms | |
| Raphe Nuclei | -located all along midline of brainstem
-project diffusely to entire CNS
-reduced 5HT associated with
depression & insomnia
-reduced 5HT associated associated with depression and insomnia
- increased 5HT associated with mania
-descending pain contro | |
| affected in Huntington's diases | striatum | |
| affected in Parkinson's disease | substantia nigra pars compacta | |
| affected in ventral tegmental area of reticular formation | Schizophrenia | |
| involved in attention and arousal | locus coeruleus | |
| Nuclei (plural) involved in descending pain control | ateral tegmental area of reticular formation
raphe nuclei | |
| Alzheimers drugs | aricept
tacrine
donepezil | |
| Chronic INflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) | autoimmune attack on myelin sheath, axon undamaged
electrical activity doesn't reach NMJ--> muscle atrophy | |
| Neuroma | tangled mass of poorly regenerated axons
forms near site of lesion or along route of regrowth
generate extreme pain due to C fibers
associated with phantom limb syndrome (PLS) | |
| Acoustic neuroma | tumor of CN VIII
swirl of nerve sheath cells | |
| riluzole | treat ALS by binding to sodium channels and inhibiting opening
this inhibits Ca++ influx thus excitotoxicity seen in ALS | |
| Diazepam | Gaba receptor agonist to treat anxiety (long term) | |
| Lorazepam (ativan) | treat anxiety--> Gaba receptor agonist | |
| Stychrine | Glycine antagonist
convulsant because it inhibitis an inhibitory synapase (dysinhibition) | |
| methodone | prevents heroin & morphine interaction with opoiod receptors for natural pain killers (endorphins | |
| blockage of reuptake | antidepressants | presynaptic |
