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FNS 1: ANS
Neuro Lecture 1: Autonomic Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is the ANS a 1-neuron system or 2-neuron system? | two-neuron system |
| Where are ANS 1st order neurons located and where do they travel? | inside the CNS, send fibers to a ganglion |
| Where are ANS 2nd order neurons located and where do they travel? | outside the CNS in an autonomic ganglion, send fibers to target organs |
| What are the 3 types/groups of organs that the ANS innervates? | smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and exocrine glands |
| Is the ANS a voluntary system, a reflex system, or both? | exclusively reflex/ involuntary |
| Is the ANS a visceral efferent system or a visceral afferent system? | both |
| Name the 2 divisions of the ANS | Parasympathetic + Sympathetic NS |
| Which division of the ANS is labeled thoracolumbar outflow? Which segments of the spinal cord contribute to this division? | Sympathetic Nervous System- T1-L2 |
| Which division of the ANS is labeled craniosacral outflow? Which nerves contribute to this division (be specific)? | Parasympathetic Nervous System; CNs III, VII, IX, & X and S2-S4 |
| Where are ganglia located in the PSNS? | Outside the CNS- near the target organ |
| Where are ganglia located in the SNS? | In the Sympathetic Chain; or the Celiac, Renal, Superior Mesentaric, or Inferior Mesenteric ganglia |
| Where do PSNS fibers in CN III synapse? What are they responsible for? | Ciliary ganglion; pupillary constriction + accomodation for near vision |
| Where do PSNS fibers in CN VII synapse? What are they responsible for? | Pterygopalatine ganglion or Submandibular ganglion; secretion from these glands |
| Where do PSNS fibers in CN IX synapse? What are they responsible for? | Otic ganglion; salivation from parotid gland |
| Where do PSNS fibers in CN X synapse? What are they responsible for? | ganglia close to (or within) thoracic/abdominal organs up to distal transverse colon; various responsibilities |
| Where do PSNS fibers from the sacral PS nucleus synapse? What are they responsible for? | synapse as pelvic splanchnic nerves in ganglia in/on/near pelvic structures; rectum, bladder, erectile tissue, sex organs, uterus, + large intenstines from splenic flexure to anus |
| What is another name for the sympathetic trunk? | Paravertebral ganglia |
| If sympathetic fibers don’t synapse in the chain and pass directly through, what are these ganglia termed (collectively and specifically)? | prevertebral ganglia (celiac, renal, or S/I mesenteric ganglia) |
| Are PSNS preganglionic fibers short or long? Postganglionic? | Pre-long, Post-short |
| Do PSNS pre- and post- fibers’ discharges influence a large area or a limited area? | limited |
| Are SNS preganglionic fibers short or long? Postganglionic? | Pre-short, Post-long |
| Do SNS pre- and post- fibers’ discharges influence a large are or limited area? | large |
| Which NT is utilized by cholinergic synapses? | Acetylcholine |
| Which NT is utilized by adrenergic synapses? | Noradrenaline (aka NE) |
| Are preganglionic PSNS fibers cholinergic or adrenergic? | Cholinergic |
| Are postganglionic PSNS fibers cholinergic or adrenergic? | Cholinergic |
| Are preganglionic SNS fibers cholinergic or adrenergic? | Cholinergic |
| CN III- Where do PSNS fibers from the oculomotor nerve originate? | accessory oculomotor nucleus (midbrain) |
| CN III- Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers from the oculomotor nerve synapse? | ciliary ganglion |
| CN III- Where do postganglionic PSNS fibers from the oculomotor nerve end (target organs)? | sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle of the iris |
| What is the function of CN III PSNS fibers? | pupillary constriction and lens accommodation (becomes fatter, more convex) |
| CN VII- Where do PSNS fibers from the facial nerve originate? | superior salivatory nucleus |
| CN VII - Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers from the facial nerve synapse? | submandibular ganglion |
| CN VII - Where do postganglionic PSNS fibers from the facial nerve end (target organs)? | submandibular gland AND sublingual gland (and some to lacrimal gland) |
| What is the function of CN VII PSNS fibers? | gland secretion |
| CN IX- Where do PSNS fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve originate? | inferior salivatory nucleus |
| CN IX - Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve synapse? | otic ganglion |
| CN IX - Where do postganglionic PSNS fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve end (target organ)? | parotid gland |
| What is the function of CN IX PSNS fibers? | parotid gland secretion |
| CN X- Where do PSNS fibers from the vagus nerve originate? | dorsal vagal nucleus |
| CN X - Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers from the vagus nerve synapse? | intrinsic ganglia in/near heart, lungs, esophagus, and GI tract (to descending colon) |
| CN X - Where do postganglionic PSNS fibers from the vagus nerve end (target organ)? | cardiac & nonstriated muscle and glands associated with heart, lungs, esophagus, and GI tract |
| What is the function of CN X PSNS fibers? | decreased HR & conduction velocity, constrict bronchials, increased GI motility |
| Where do PSNS fibers of the pelvic splanchnic nerves originate? | sacral PS nucleus (S2-S4) |
| Where do preganglionic PSNS fibers of the pelvic splanchnic nerves end (innervate)? | SECONDARY neurons in the organs that they innervate |
| Which organs do postganglionic fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate? | rectum, bladder, sex erectile tissues, testes/ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, and parts of large intestines (from splenic flexure to anus) |
| What are the PSNS functions of the pelvic splanchnic nerves? | urinary detrusor contraction, trigone/sphincter relaxation, erection & vasodilation, GI gland secretion, and increased GI motility |
| Where do sympathetic cell bodies originate (in the spinal cord)? | T1-L1 or 2 |
| Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse? | paravertebral ganglia or prevertebral ganglia |
| Where do sympathetic postganglionic fibers travel to (target organs)? | sweat glands, arrector pili muscles (hairs), blood vessels, heart, and lungs |
| What are the functions of sympathetic nerve fibers? | raise HR (and conduction velocity and ventricular contraction force), vessel constriction, pupil dilation, bronchi dilation, decreased GI motility, GI sphincter contraction, and ejaculation |
| What is the basis/cause of Horner’s syndrome? | interruption of the LTT (lateral tectotegmentospinal tract- completely ipsilateral) which is under hypothalamus influence |
| What are symptoms of Horner’s syndrome? | partial ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis (of that side of the face) |
| Which are the 3 main influential centers of the ANS? | cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and amygdaloid body |
| Which are the 3 cerebral cortex areas (ARCs- autonomic related cortices) that influence the ANS? | Brodmann area 25 (caudal part of subcallosal area), POF (posterior orbitofrontal cortex), and anterior insula |
| General ANS disorders | See slide 31 |
| What is CCHS (syndrome)? | Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome- a chronic ANS disorder caused by a gene mutation- breathing control problems |
| What is FD (syndrome)? | Familial dysautonomia- inherited disorder (Eastern European Jews) that affects nerves & causes trouble feeling pain, temperature, skin pressure, and limb position, as well as many other ANS problems (see slide 32) |
| What is HAS (syndrome)? | Holmes Adie Syndrome: a neurological condition affecting pupils and ANS from a viral infection that damages ciliary ganglion and DRG (chronically dilate pupils) |
| What is Horner’s Syndrome caused by (3 possibilities)? | interruption of the LTT, superior cervical ganglion, or internal carotid plexus |
| What is Orthostatic Hypotension? | LBP from sitting or standing- dizziness, light-headed, or even faint; may be associated with ANS neuropathies or other dysautonomias |
| What is Vasovagal syncope? | most common cause of fainting- overreaction to triggers (seeing blood, emotional distress)- sudden drop in HR and BP, which reduced blood to brain- the ANS isn’t properly regulating HR and BP in response to the trigger |
Created by:
mbyess
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