Term | Definition |
Critical Thinking | Actively skillfully conceptualizing and applying reasoning or communication. Intellectually disciplined process of actively conceptualizing, applying, and evaluating info gathered |
Argument | a statement or proposition with supporting evidence |
Reasoning | Ability to infer a conclusion from one or multiple premises |
Environment | a person's background, history, field of experience |
Point of view | the way one views the world |
Method of good problem solvers | positive attitude, concern for accuracy,
breaking problem into parts, avoiding guessing
activeness in problem solving |
SARA model | Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment |
Communication | The transfer of meaning
The process by which information is exchanged through a common system of symbols, signs, behavior.
Must be sent AND comprehended to be succussful |
Failure to communicate can . . . | result in dire consequences |
Sender | Initiates communication with receiver |
Encoding | Method of sending message |
Message | Actual non verbal feeling, intention, mental picture
formed in the mind of the sender
being transmitted to the receiver |
Decoding | Act of receiving message and interpreting it into its perceived meaning |
Feedback | The receiver's verbal/nonverbal response to the message |
Noise | Internal/External factors that interfere with the ability to send/receive message |
Models of Communication | Linear, interactive, transactional |
Obstacles concerning environment must be overcome by. . | the sender |
Barriers to effective communication | cultural, perceptional, motivational, emotional, linguistic, gestures, slang, filtering |
Helpful nonverbal techniques | Eye contact, touching, body posture, vocalization, distance |
Helpful Verbal Techniques | Active listening, clarification, stating the obvious, summarizing |
Peace Officers as Crisis Interveanor must focus on | Positioning, Posturing, Observing, Listening,
Ask Questions, Responding |
Elements of confrontation (PACE) | Problem, Audience, Constraints, Ethical Presence |
Criteria | Conditions that must be met for something to be judged as believable |
Procedures for applying criteria | Ask questions, make judgements, identify assumptions |
4 reasons for errors in reasoning | Fails to observe facts, Failes to approach problems in systematic manner, Fails to spell out relationships fully, Sloppy/Inaccurate collecting of info |
Communication is an . . . . | important professional skill |
Officer's duties are ____% verbal and ____% Physical force | 97%, 3% |
Perception of a message is ___% due to content, ___% due to voice, and ___% due to non-verbal. | 7%, 33%, 60% |
3 Elements necessary for a Crime to occur | Offender, Victim, Location |
Helpful Tools in redirecting a person's behavior | Listen, Empathize, Ask Questions |
Types of verbal appeals | Ethical (highly emotional), Rational (sense of right/wrong),
Practical (Based on beliefs), Personal (Head strong) |