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WVSOM - Virus(1)
B19 Parvovirus; Papillomaviruses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List 5 diseases associated with B19 parvovirus | Erythema infectiosum, fetal hydrops fetalis, transient aplastic crisis (TAC), arthralgia / arthritis, virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome |
| Erythema infectiosum is also known as ... | Fifth's disease |
| What are 2 types of characteristic rashes associated with erythema infectiosum? | "slapped cheek disease" and "gloves and socks" syndrome |
| How does B19 parvovirus spread? | Via respiratory droplets, blood; common infection |
| What age group is most prevalent for B19 parvovirus? | 6-15 year olds; 70% |
| Incidence rate for B19 parvovirus | Seasonal; late winter -> early spring; epidemics every 3-4 years |
| What % of women are immune to B19 parvovirus at time of conception (pregnancy)? | 50% |
| What value accounts for vertical transmission of B19 parvovirus of primary maternal infections? | 1/4 |
| What is the initial site of infection for B19 parvovirus? | Upper respiratory tract |
| What is the target of B19 parvovirus? | Proerythroblast (in bone marrow) |
| What receptor on the proerythroblast is targeted by B19 parvovirus? | p-antigen |
| Outline the pathogenesis of B19 parvovirus | Virus goes from bone marrow -> bloodstream -> circulating RBC has antigen (p-Ag) but no nucleus -> virus binds (no replication) -> forms immune complexes that deposit along capillary wall, joints = rash & joint problems |
| Progression of symptoms for erythema infectiosum | Fever (viremia, low reticulocytes) -> rash & arthalgia (leukocytes, IgG, IgM) |
| "gloves and socks" syndrome | Bone marrow not invaded; fever & rash at same time; isolated to hands & feet; infects capillaries; mainly adults |
| Non-immune hydrops fetalis | Very low incidence; during pregnancy; vertical transmission; greatest suscpetibility = 11-23 wks gestation; fatality rate = 50% |
| Complications of non-immune hydrops fetalis | Severe anemia, cardiac failure (edema); death; spontaneous abortion; stillbirth; congenital anemia |
| Treatment for non-immune hydrops fetalis | Fetal transfusion; IVIG |
| Who are mostly affected by transient aplastic crisis (TAC)? | Patients with sickle cell disease, hemolytic anemias, iron deficiency, alpha- & beta-thalassemias, RBC deficiencies |
| How is TAC treated? | Transfusion |
| How is TAC resolved? | Following immune elimination |
| How is B19 parvovirus diagnosed? | Clinical symptoms (characteristic rash); IgM ELISA; PCR (during fever, TAC); bone marrow pathology (aplastic crisis) |
| What do papilloma viruses cause? | Benign tumors (warts) |
| Papilloma virus is responsible for 95% of this type of cancer | Malignant cervical carcinoma (also vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal carcinomas) |
| What is the most common STD? | HPV (human papilloma virus) |
| Papilloma virus is a subgroup of which viruses? | Papovaviruses |
| Besides papilloma virus, what other virus is classified under papovaviruses? | Polyoma |
| Polyoma affects what population? | Lower animal groups |
| What 3 viruses are part of the polyoma virus group? | SV40 (tumor virus); BK (affects kidneys); JC (encephalomyelitis) |
| Features of papilloma virus | Circular ds DNA; host histones; overlapping genes; disrupts p53 / Rb |
| What gene product of the papilloma virus is responsible for blocking p53? | E6 gene |
| What gene product of the papilloma virus is responsible for blocking Rb? | E7 gene |
| What are the major types of dry skin warts caused by papilloma virus? | Common warts, flat warts, plantar warts (worst type), bowenoid (pigmented, edges of genitals), EV (seen in immunocompromised) |
| Which 4 subtypes of papilloma virus are associated with sexual transmission and are part of the Gardisil vaccine? | 6, 11, 16, 18 |
| What cell layer does the papilloma virus infect? | Basal cell layer |
| Does the basal cell layer allow for viral replication? | NO |
| At what layer is the papilloma virus fully expressed? | Prickle cell layer |
| Warts are mostly comprised of what protein? | Keratin |
| What histological structure is used to diagnose cervical dysplasia? | Koliocytes (viral replication taking place) |
| What is the incubation period of papilloma viruses? | 3 months - several years |
| Who are mostly affected by papilloma viruses? | Children |
| How are papilloma viruses transferred? | Direct / indirect contact |
| How are papilloma viruses diagnosed? | Via observation; enhanced by acetic acid (turns warts white); PCR; pap smear (genital warts, cervical dysplasia) |
| How are papilloma viruses treated? | Chemically, surgically, laser, freezing; typically spontaneous regression; vaccine (Gardisil - 6/11, 16/18) |
Created by:
JaneO
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