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WVSOM - Mycoses
Superficial, Cutaneous, & Subcutaneous Mycoses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Superficial fungal infection that causes pityriasis versicolor | Malassezia furfur |
| Tinea nigra (superificial infection) is caused by? | Exophiala (or Hortae) werneckii |
| The cause of black / white piedra (superficial infection) | Piedraia hortae, Trichosporon beigelli |
| Tineas (dermatophytoses) are __________ infections | Cutaneous |
| What fungal species cause tineas? | Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum sp. and Candida sp. |
| What infection (superificial, cutaneous, subcutaneous) is the most common? | Cutaneous |
| What infection (superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous) is the most serious? | Subcutaneous |
| What causes subcutaneous chromoblastomycosis? | Fonsecaea, Cladosporium, Phialophora sp. |
| Sporotrichosis (subcutaneous infection) is caused by __________ __________ | Sporothrix schenckii |
| Pseudoallescheria, Madurella sp. cause _________ | Mycetoma (subcutaneous infection) |
| Malassezia furfur is considered (normal / abnormal) flora on many people | Normal |
| Pityriasis versicolor infects what layer of skin? | Stratum corneum; results in scaly lesions |
| Inflammatory response with pityriasis versicolor? | NO |
| Pityriasis versicolor is a __________ yeast | Lipophilic; requires sweat, sebum for moisture and nutrition |
| Why does pityriasis versicolor cause depigmentation at site of growth? | Blocks UV light from penetrating |
| "spaghetti and meatballs" | Diagnostic pattern for pityriasis versicolor; initially grows as yeast (close to skin), but converts to mycelial growth further from skin (dec. in temp.) |
| Other consequences of Malassezia overgrowth | Cradle cap (overproduction of sebum + Malassezia) and dandruff (overaccumulation of sebum + Malassezia) = seborrheic dermatitis |
| Presentation of superficial tinea nigra | Brown / black macular lesions on hands / feet (resemble melanoma), non-scaling |
| Tinea nigra has what type of inflammatory response? | NONE |
| Exophiala (Hortae, Phaeoallennomyces) werneckii | Brown-black pigmented yeast, found in soil, shower curtains (not normal flora) |
| Tinea nigra treatment | Salicylic acid, benzoic acid |
| Pityriasis versicolor treatment | Itraconazole / ketoconazole, selenium suflide (Selsun Blue), pyrithione zinc (Head and Shoulders) |
| Infection of the external hair shaft | Black piedra, white piedra (superficial fungal infection) |
| Black nodules (external hair shaft infection) | Piedra hortae |
| White nodules (external hair shaft infection) | Trichosporon beigelli |
| Black piedra, white piedra treatment | Shave hair, antifungal shampoos |
| Cutaneous fungal infections are classified based on __________ | Location |
| Cutaneous fungal infections metabolize _________ | Keratin |
| Will cutaneous fungal infections induce an immune response? | YES |
| Tinea corporis (cutaneous infection) | Ringworm of trunk, legs; caused by Trichophyton, Microsporum sp. |
| Tinea imbricata (cutaneous infection) | Concentric rings of scales over trunk, legs, forearms; caused by Trichophyton sp. |
| Tinea pedis - athlete's foot (cutaneous infection) | Scaling btw toes, lateral side of foot; itching, skin cracks; caused by Trichophyton, Epidermophyton sp. |
| Most common cutaneous infection | Tinea pedis |
| Tinea cruris - jock itch (cutaneous infection) | Rash, scaling, inner thighs; caused by Trichophyton, Epidermophyton sp. |
| Tinea capitis - scalp ringworm, favus (cutaneous infection) | Disease of children |
| Ectothrix | Tinea capitis; conidia outside of hair shaft |
| Endothrix | Tinea capitis; conidia inside of hair shaft |
| Tinea capitis presentation | Hair loss, scaling, inflammation of the scalp skin, itching; confused with dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis |
| Cause of tinea capitis | Trichophyton, Microsporum sp. |
| Tinea barbae (cutaneous infection) | Infection of hair and skin around bearded area of neck and face; caused by Trichophyton sp. |
| Tinea unquium - onychomycosis (cutaneous infection) | Infection of nails; causes thickening, fissuring, colorization (brown, white, yellow); caused by Trichophyton, Candida sp. |
| Treatment of tina unquium | Topical / oral azoles, tolnaftate, terbinafine, griseofulvin (drug of last choice, oldest treatment) |
| "Copper penny spores" | Subcutaneous fungal infection - chromoblastomycosis |
| What is a requirement for subcutaneous fungal infections? | Implantation |
| Wart-like, cauliflower, pigmented lesion (usually on foot) | Chromoblastomycosis (subcutaneous fungal infection) |
| Cause of chromoblastomycosis | Fonsecaea, Cladosporium, Phialophora sp. |
| Treatment of chromoblastomycosis | Surgery, itraconazole |
| Clinicla presenation of subcutaneous fungal infections | May take weeks - months - years for infection to develop |
| What causes sporotrichosis (subcutaneous infection)? | Sporothrix schenckii |
| Sporotrichosis - rose thorn disease (subcutaneous infection) | Ulcerative papule, spreads via drainin lymph channels, nodular granulomas, chronic |
| Treatment for sporotrichosis | Oral potassium iodide, itraconazole, amphotericin B |
| Asteroid body | Characteristic of sporotrichosis; fungus implants in subcutaneous tissue, yeast buds (buds cannot move freely through tissue), create "asteroid" |
| Cause of mycetoma - madura foot (subcutaneous infection) | Pseudoallescheria, Madurella sp. |
| Mycetoma treatment | Poor response to antifungals, surgery, amputation |
| How does mycetoma spread? | Sinus tract formation; leads to deeper tissue infiltration |
| Can mycetoma destroy bone? | YES (over time - months / years) |
| Clinical presentation of mycetoma | Small, painless nodules and papules |
| How does one acquire mycetoma? | Infection via thorns or splinters |
Created by:
JaneO
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