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Health Unit 2 Vocab
Unit 2 Health Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nutrition | the science or study of food and the ways in which the body uses food |
| Nutrient | substance in food that provides energy or helps form body tissues that are necessary for life and growth |
| Carbohydrate | class of energy-giving nutrients that include sugars, starches, and fiber |
| Fat | class of energy-giving nutrients; also the main form of energy storage in the body |
| Protein | class of energy-giving nutrients that are made up of amino acids which are needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body |
| Starch | made of many glucose units linked together; found in foods like potatoes, beans, and grains |
| Glycogen | made in the body; made of highly branched chains of glucose; stored in the muscle and liver of humans and animals; can be broken down to provide a quick source of glucose |
| Fiber | type of complex carbohydrate that provides little energy and cannot be digested by humans. Keeps intestines healthy, prevents constipation, may help prevent colon cancer and heart disease. |
| Lipids | fatty or oily substances that do not dissolve in water |
| Fatty acids | smaller molecule of fat |
| Triglycerides | another term for fats because three fatty acids are liked to one glycerol |
| Saturated Fats | fats that are made up of saturated fatty acids. Most are solid at room temperature and come from animal foods such as meat and milk |
| Unsaturated fats | fats that are made up of unsaturated fatty acids. More common in plants and tend to be liquid at room temperature |
| Trans fat | unsaturated fatty acids that are formed when vegetable oils are processed into margarine and shortening. May increase the risk of heart disease |
| cholesterol | another type of lipid, found in all human and animal tissues, needed to make Vitamin D, cell membranes, certain hormones, and bile |
| LDL | low-density-lipoprotein (bad) brings cholesterol to the body cells |
| HDL | high-density-lipoprotein (good) carries cholesterol back to liver where it is removed from the blood |
| Amino Acids | linked together to make each type of protein |
| Vitamins | class of nutrients that contain carbon and are needed in small amounts to maintain health and allow growth |
| Minerals | class of nutrients that are chemical elements that are needed for certain body processes, such as enzyme activity and bone formation |
| Nutrient deficient | state of not having enough nutrient to maintain good health |
| Antioxidant | substance that is able to protect body structures from a highly chemical reactive form of oxygen called free radical |
| Electrotypes | vital for processes such as muscle movement, nerve signals, and the transport of nutrients into and out of body cells. Help control fluid levels in your body |
| Dehydration | occurs when the body loses more water than has been taken in |
| RDA | Recommended Dietary Allowances-recommended nutrient intakes that will meet the needs of almost all healthy people |
| DV | Daily Value-recommended daily amount of a nutrient; used on food labels to helps people see how a food fits into their diet |
| UL | Tolerable Upper Intake Level-largest amount of a nutrient you can take without risking toxicity |
| Additive | substances added to food to keep the foods from spoiling or to improve taste, smell, texture, appearance, or nutrient content of a food |
| Hunger | body's physical response to the need of food |
| Appetite | the desire, rather than the need, to eat certain foods |
| BMR | basal metabolic rate; rate at which energy is used to keep the body alive when in a rested and fasting state |
| Overweight | being heavy for one's height |
| Obesity | having significant amount of excess body fat; state of weighing more than 20% above your recommended body weight |
| Body composition | proportion of body weight that is made up of fat tissue compared to lean tissue |
| BMI | body mass index; index of weight in relation to height that is used to assess healthy body weight |
| Fad Diet | diet that requires a major change in eating habits and promises quick weight loss |
| Body image | how you see and feel about your appearance and how comfortable you are with your body |
| Anorexia Nervosa | eating disorder that involves self-starvation, a distorted body image, and low body weight. |
| Bulimia Nervosa | eating disorder in which the individual repeatedly eats large amounts of food and then uses behaviors such as vomiting or using laxatives to rid the body of the food |
| Binge eating | eating a large amount of food in one sitting; usually accompanied by a feeling of being out of control |
| Purge | engaging in behaviors such as vomiting or misusing laxatives to rid the body of food |
| Food allergy | abnormal response to a food that is triggered by the immune system |
| Lactose intolerance | the inability to completely digest the milk sugar lactose |
| food-borne illness | illness caused by eating or drinking a food that contains a toxin or disease-causing microorganism |
| cross contamination | transfer of contaminants from one food to another |
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