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Terms for Digestive
Med Tech I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alimentary canal | A long, muscular tube that begins at the mouth and includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines and anus. |
| Anus | External opening of the anal canal or rectum. |
| Appendectomy | The surgical removal of the appendix. |
| Appendicitis | The inflammation of the appendix, usually resulting from an obstruction and infection. |
| Ascending colon | THe second section of the large intestines that is on the right side of the body from the cecum to the lower part of the liver. |
| Bile | A substance that is secreated by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that is needed to emulsify fat in the digestive tract. |
| Bolus | Food that hasbeen chewed and mixed with saliva. |
| Bowel | The intestines. |
| Cardiac Sphincter | A circular muscle between the esophagus and the stomach that closes after food enters the stomach to prevent food from going back into the esophagus. |
| Cecum | The first section of the large intestine and is connected to the ileum of the small intestines. |
| Cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of the gallbladder. |
| Cholethiasis | Stones found in the gallbladder. |
| Chyme | |
| Cirrhosis | A chronic destruction of liver cells accompanied by the formation of fiberous connective and scar tissue |
| Colitis | Inflamation of the colon. |
| Colon | Also known as large intestines. |
| Colostomy | A surgical opening into the colon. |
| Common bile duct | Used by the body to carry bile from the gallbladder into the duodenum. |
| Constipation | When fecal material remains in the colon too long, causing excessive reabsorption of water. |
| Crohn's disease | A chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin, usually affecting the ileum, the colon, or another part of the GI tract. |
| Defecate | To have a bowel movement or pass feces from the body. |
| Descending colon | Part of the colon that extends down the left side of the body. |
| Diarrhea | A condition characterized by frequent watery stools. |
| Digestion | Physical and chemical breakdown of food by the body in preparation for absorption. |
| Diverticulitis | An inflammation of the diverticula which are puches or sacs that form in the intestine as the mucosal lining pushes through the surrounding muscle. |
| Duodenum | Is the first 9 to 10 inches of the small intestines. |
| Esophagus | The muscular tube dorsal (behind)to the trachea. |
| Flatus | Gas created in the intestines. |
| Gallbladder | A small, muscular sac located under the liver and attached to it by connective tissue. |
| Gastric | Pertaining to the stomach. |
| Gastrointestional | Pertaining to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to anus. |
| Gastroscopy | The visual inspection of the interior of the stomach by means of a gastroscope inserted through the esophagus. |
| Hemorrhoidectomy | The surgical removal of a hemorrhoid. |
| Hemorrhoids | A varicose vein found in the rectum or anus. |
| Hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver. |
| Hernia | Occurs when an internal organ pushes through a weakened area or natural opening in a body wall. |
| Herniorrhaphy | The surgical repair of a hernia. |
| Hiatus | Pertains to a herniation of the stomach through an opening |
| Ileocecal | The valve between the ileum of the samll intestines and the cecum of the large intestines. |
| Ileostomy | Surgical opening of the ileum onto the abdominal wall for evacuation of feces. |
| Ileum | Last section of the small intestines. |
| Impaction | A collection of hardened feces in the rectum that cannot be expelled. |
| Insulin | A hormone secreated by the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas that control the use of glucose in the body. |
| Jaundice | A yellowish discoloration of the sclera and skin due to the prescence of bile pigments in the blood. |
| Jejunum | The middle segment of the small intestines which is approximately 8 feet in length. |
| Liver | The largest gland in the body and is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen beneath the diaphragm. |
| Mesentery | A peritoneal fold connecting the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall. |
| Mouth | The oral cavity. |
| Nausea | An unpleasant sensation with the tendency to vomit. |
| Pancreas | An organ which secretes insulin and pancreatic enzymes for digestion. |
| Paralytic ileus | Paralysis if the intestional wall with symptoms of acute obstruction. |
| Peptic | Pertaining to digestion; can also refer to an ulcer of the upper digestive tract. |
| Peristalsis | A progressive, wave-like muscular movement which occurs involuntary in the urinary and digestive tracts. |
| Polyp | A small tumor like growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane surface. |
| Proctoscope | An instrument for the inspection of the rectum. |
| Pruritus ani | Itching about the anus. |
| Pyloric | Pertaining to the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. |
| Rectum | The lower part of the large intestines between the sigmoid colon and the anal canal. |
| Reflux | An abnormal backward or return flow of a fuid. |
| Saliva | A digestive secration of the salivary glands which helps to moisten food and begin the digestive process. |
| Salivary glands | Three pairs of glands that secreate the saliva which moistens food and begins the digestive process. |
| Sigmoid colon | A "S" shaped section of the large intestines between the descending colon and the rectum. |
| Sigmoidoscopy | An insertion of the sigmoid with an instrument for visual inspection. |
| Spastic colon | Spasmotic contractions of the large intestines. |
| Stomach | The food reservoir and first major site of digestion, located under the diaphragm. |
| Stool | Bowel movement; feces. |
| Tongue | The muscular organ ofd the mouth which assists in the production of speech, contains the taste buds, and provides the ability to swallow. |
| Transverse colon | The segment of the large instestines which lies across the abdomen. |
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sandra.whiteside
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