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ptec156-psychterms
(www.priory.com/gloss.htm)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Delirium | An acute organic brain syndrome secondary to physical causes in which consciousness is affected and disorientation results often associated with illusions, visual hallucinations and persecutory ideation. |
| Delusion | An incorrect belief which is out of keeping with the person's cultural context, intelligence and social background and which is held with unshakeable conviction. |
| Delusional mood | Also known as wahnstimmung, a feeling that something unusual is about to happen of special significance for that person. |
| Delusional perception | A normal perception which has become highly invested with significance and which has become incorporated into a delusional system, e.g. 'when I saw the traffic lights turn red I knew that the dog I was walking was a Nazi and a lesbian Nazi at that'. |
| Dementia | An chronic organic mental illness which produces a global deterioration in cognitive abilities and which usually runs a deteriorating course. |
| Depersonalisation | An experience where the self is felt to be unreal, detached from reality or different in some way. Depersonalisation can be triggered by tiredness, dissociative episodes or partial epileptic seizures. |
| Depression | An affective disorder characterised by a profound and persistent sadness. |
| Derealisation | An experience where the person perceives the world around them to be unreal. The experience is linked to depersonalisation. |
| Addiction | An organism's psychological or physical dependence on a drug, characterised by tolerance and withdrawal. |
| Adjustment disorder | A pathological psychological reaction to trauma, loss or severe stress. Usually these last less than six months, but may be prolonged if the stressor e.g. pain or scarring is enduring. |
| Affect | A person's affect is their immediate emotional state which the person can recognise subjectively and which can also be recognised objectively by others. A person's mood is their predominant current affect. |
| Agnosia | An inability to organise sensory information so as to recognise objects (e.g. visual agnosia) or sometimes even parts of the body, (e.g. hemisomatoagnosia). |
| Agoraphobia | Fear of the marketplace literally; taken now to be a fear of public of public places associated with panic disorder. |
| Akathisia | An inner feeling of excessive restlessness which provokes the sufferer to fidget in their seat or pace about. |
| Amnesia Anterograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia | A partial of complete loss of memory. A loss of memory subsequent to any cause e.g. brain trauma. A loss of memory for a period of time prior to any cause. |
| Anorexia nervosa | Characterised by excess control- morbid fear of obesity. Person will try to limit/reduce wt by excessive dieting, exercising, vomiting, purging and use of diuretics. Typically more than 15% below avg wt for their height/sex/age. F=amenorrhoea M=low libido |
| Anxiety | Anxiety is provoked by fear or apprehension and also results from a tension caused by conflicting ideas or motivations. Anxiety manifests through mental and somatic symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, hyperventilation, and faintness. |
| Bulimia nervosa | Russell in 1979= eating disorder characterised by lack of control. Assoc. w/ guilt, depression & low self esteem (childhood sexual abuse, alcoholism, promiscuity) May be asoc with oesophageal ulceration and parotid swelling (Green's chubby chops sign). |
| Compulsion | Compulsion is the behavioural component of an obsession. Indiv compelled to repeat a behaviour which has no immediate benefit beyond reducing the anxiety associated with the obsessional idea. |
| Confabulation | Changing, loosely held and false memories created to fill in organically-derived amnesia |
| Cyclothymia | A variability of mood over days or weeks, cycling from positive to negative mood states. The variability is NOT AS SEVERE IN AMPLITUDE OR DURATION TO BE CLASSIFIES AS A MAJOR AFFECTIVE DISORDER |
| Dejà vu | An abnormal experience where an individual feels that a particular or unique event has happened before in exactly the same way. |
| Dyskinesia | Abnorm mvmts as like TD llate onset onet of abnorm involuntary mvmts. TD is conventionally thought a late side effect of first generation antipsychotics, but some abnormal movements were seen in schizophrenia before the introduction of antipsychotics. |
| Psychopathology | Literally, pathology of the mind; signs and symptoms of mental disorder |
| Nervous breakdown | A general, nonspecific term for an incapacitating but otherwise unspecified type of mental disorder |
| Mental disorder | Psychological group of symptoms, i.e. pattern/syndrome, which the indiv has distress (painful symptom), disability (impairment in 1 of important areas of functioning), or a signif increased risk of suffering, pain, loss of freedom, or death |
| Deviance | Behavior outside the norm of a specific group; should not be construed to mean negative behavior |
| Crazy | An informal, denigrating, and stigmatizing term for “mentally ill” that carries with it unfounded and negative implications |
| Dyspraxia | Difficulty with a previously learnt or acquired movement or skill. An example might be a dressing dyspraxia or a constructional dyspraxia. Dyspraxias tend to indicate cortical damage, particularly in the parietal lobe region. |
| Echolalia | A speech disorder in which the person inappropriately and automatically repeats the last words he or she has heard. Palilalia is a form of echolalia in which the last syllable heard is repeated endlessly. |
| Echopraxia . | A movement disorder in which the person automatically and inappropriately imitates or mirrors the movements of another |
| First rank symptoms | Schneider: characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia as first-rank features. Included third person auditory hallucinations, thought echo, thought interference (insertion, withdrawal, and broadcasting), delusional perception and passivity phenomena. |
| Flight of ideas | In mania and hypomania thoughts become pressured and ideas may race from topic to topic, guided sometimes only by rhymes or puns. Ideas are associated though, unlike thought disorder. |
| Frontal lobe syndrome | Follows frontal lobe damage or may be consequent upon a lesion (i.e. tumour of infarction). S&S lack judgement, a coarsening of personality, disinhibition, pressure of speech, lack of planning ability, and sometimes apathy. On/off grasp reflex may occur. |
| Hallucination | An abnormal sensory experience that arises in the absence of a direct external stimulus, and which has the qualities of a normal percept and is experienced as real and usually in external space. Hallucinations may occur in any sensory modality. |
| Hypomania | An affective disorder characterised by elation, overactivity, an insomnia. |
| Illusion | An abnormal perception caused by a sensory misinterpretation of and actual stimulus, sometimes precipitated by strong emotion, e.g. fear provoking a person to imagine they have seen an intruder in the shadows. |
| Insight | In psychotic mental disorders/organic brain syndromes pt's insight into whether they are ill & requiring tx may be affected. In depression/may lack insight into their best qualities. In mania a person may overestimate their wealth and abilities. |
| Jamais vu | An abnormal experience where an individual feels that a routine or familiar event has never happened before. (See Dejà vu). |
| Korsakoff's Syndrome | A syndrome of amnesia and confabulation following chronic alcoholism. Short-term memory is particularly affected.Named after the Russian psychiatrist Korsakoff. Made experiences. See 'Passivity phenomena'. |
| Mania | An affective disorder characterised by intense euphoria, overactivity and loss of insight. |
| Neologism | A novel word often invented and used in schizophrenic thought disorder. |
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | R/T neuroleptics & hyperpyrexia(temperature over 39 degrees Celsius), autonomic instability & muscular rigidity. NMS not dose related, appears r/t to antidepress, antipsychotics and lithium. Mortality risk. Is NMS is a variant of lethal catatonia syndrome |
| Obsession | Unpleasant/nonsensical thought, intrudes into person's mind, despite a degree of resistance, who recognises the thought as pointless/senseless. Obsessions may be accompanied by compulsive behaviours which serve to reduce the associated anxiety. |
| Parietal Lobe signs | Parietal lobe signs include various agnosias (such as visual agnosias, sensory neglect, and tactile agnosias), dyspraxias (such as dressing dyspraxia), body image disturbance, and hemipareses or hemiplegias. |
| Passivity phenomena | Feel controlled ('mademvmts/impulses' indiv feels contolled by other. Arms or legs feel as if they are moving. 'Made emotions & 'made thoughts' which are categorised elsewhere as thought insertion and withdrawal. |
| Perseveration | Describes an inappropriate repetition of some behaviour, thought, speech. Echolalia=preservation of speech. Perseveration is sometimes a feature of frontal lobe lesions. |
| Preservation of thought | Inability to switch ideas, gives same answers to questions asked after different times. |
| Perseveration on a theme. | Talking exclusively on one subject could be considered this. |
| Schizophasia | A severe form of thought disorder. |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | A form of depressive illness only occurring during winter months, associated with overeating and sleepiness. Responsive to antidepressants and phototherapy. Little researched and scientifically controversial |
| Tardive dyskinesia | An abnormal involuntary movement disorder which may manifest as lipsmacking bucco-lingual movements or grimacing, truncal movements or athetoid limb movements. |
| Thought blocking | The unpleasant experience of having one's train of thought curtailed absolutely, often more a sign than a symptom. |
| Thought broadcasting | The experience that one's thoughts are being transmitted from one's mind and broadcast to everyone. |
| Thought disorder | A disorder of the form of thought, where associations between ideas are lost or loosened. |
| Thought echo | Where thoughts are heard as if spoken aloud, when there is some delay these are known as echo de la pensée and when heard simultaneously, Gedankenlautwerden. |
| Thought insertion | The experience of alien thoughts being inserted into the mind. |
| Thought withdrawal | The experience of thoughts being removed or extracted from one's mind. |
| Word salad | A severe form of thought disorder. |
| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome | X-linked (%M/F). Can't recycle purines-hi uric acid. Males have delayed motor dvlpmnt-sinuous mvmnts&increased deep tendon reflexes. SIB:chewing fingertips&lips, w/o restrained. Poss enzyme deficiency. |
Created by:
glittergirlmk
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