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Therapeutic Commun
Therapeutic Communication
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Communication | is a lifelong learning process for the nurse |
| communication and interpersonal relationship | Becoming sensitive to self and others, promoting and accepting the expression of positive and negative feelings, dev helping-trust relationships, instilling faith and hop, promoting interpersonal teaching and learning, providing a supportive environment, |
| communication skills | Gaining expertise in communication, as in any aspect of the communication process and reflection about one's communication experiences as a nurse. other good qualities is good critical thinking. |
| perceptions | information received through the five senses of sight, hearing taste, touch and smell |
| perceptual biases | or human tendencies that interfere with accurately perceiving and interpreting messages from others |
| Communication/ Nursing Process/ Assessment | verbal interviewing, history taking, visual and intuitive observation of nonverbal behavior, visual,tactile and auditory data during physical exam, written data medical records, diagnostic test and literature review/ |
| Communication/ Nursing Diagnosis/ Nursing Diagnosis | Intrapersonal analysis of assessment findings, Validation of health care needs and priorities via dialog,documentation of nursing diagnosis |
| Communication/Nursing Diagnosis/ Planning | planning sessions, collaboration with client and family to determine implementation methods, written documentation of expected outcomes, written or verbal referral to health care teams members. |
| Communication/ Nursing Process/ Implementation | delegation and verbal discussion with health care team, verbal, visual auditor and tactile health teaching activities, therapeutic communication techniques, contact with other health resources, written documentation of progress |
| Communication/Nursing Process/ Evaluation | Acquisition of verbal and nonverbal feedback, Comparison of actual and expected outcomes, identification of factors affecting outcomes, modification and update of care plan, verbal or written explanation of changes to client. |
| symbolic communication | the verbal and nonverbal symbolism used by others to convey meaning |
| metacommunication | is a broad term that refers to all factors that influence communication |
| Nurse-client helping relationships | helping relationships are the foundation of clinical nursing practice. In such relationships, the nurse assumes the role of professional helper an comes to know the client as an individual who has unique health needs, human responses, and living. |
| Phases of the helping relationship preinteraction phases | before meeting client: review data, talk to caregivers, anticipate health concerns, identify location for private interaction, plan enough time |
| Phases of helping relationship orientation phase | nurse and client meet and get to know each other: have warm and empathetic manner, recognize the initial encounter is uncertain and tentative, client to test nurse's competence, observe the client and expect client observation |
| Phases of helping relationship orientation phase | begin to make inferences and judgments about behaviors or messages, assess health status, clarify roles, form contracts that specify who will do what, tell client when relationship will be terminated |
| phases of helping relationship working phase | nurse client work together to accomplish goals; encourage expression of feelings, encourage the client to explore self, provide information needed to understand and change behavior,therapeutic communication for successful interaction, use self disclosure |
| phase of helping relationship termination phase | during the ending of the relationship: remind client of termination; evaluate goal achievement; relinquish care of client; achieve smooth transition to other caregivers. |
| nurse-family relationship | The same principles apply as nurse-client but requires addition understanding of the complexities of family dynamics. |
| nurse healthcare team relationships | communication in such relationships focuses on team building, facilitating group process, collaboration, consultation, delegation, supervision, leadership and management. |
| therapeutic communication techniques | are specific responses that encourage the expression, of feelings and ideas and convey acceptance and respect. |
| active listening | means being attentive to what the client is saying both verbally and nonverbally. |
| Active listening SOLER | S-Sit facing the client. O-Observe an open posture. L-Lean toward the client. E-Establish and maintain intermittent eye contact. R- Relax. |
| sharing observations | stating observations often helps the client communicate without the need for extensive questioning. this is different from making assumptions without validating them. |
| empathy | is the ability to understand and accept another person's reality to accurately perceive feelings and to communicate this understanding to the other. |
| hope | hope is essential for healing and learn to communicate a "sense of possibility" to others |
| humor | shows you care; reduces tension; shows client's personalities with defenses down; makes us equal; makes us more likely accepted |
| humor works in three ways: | prevention-humor helps staff work together when in crisis perception-gets rid of the perception situation is too hard to handle. perspective-keeps us from taking situation too seriously |
| feelings | you can help client's express feelings by making observations, acknowledging feelings, encouraging communication, giving permission to express 'negative feelings" and modeling healthy emotional self-expression |
| touch | comfort touch can help clients, reduce anxiety and discomfort, increases feelings of safety and self-confidence. |
| silence | most people have a natural tendency to fill empty spaces with words, but what those space really need is time for the nurse and client to observe on another, sort out feelings, think of what to say, consider what was said. |
| information | information tells others what they need to know to make decisions, experience less anxiety and feel safe and secure. |
| feelings | you can help client's express feelings by making observations, acknowledging feelings, encouraging communication, giving permission to express 'negative feelings" and modeling healthy emotional self-expression |
| touch | comfort touch can help clients, reduce anxiety and discomfort, increases feelings of safety and self-confidence. |
| silence | most people have a natural tendency to fill empty spaces with words, but what those space really need is time for the nurse and client to observe on another, sort out feelings, think of what to say, consider what was said. |
| information | information tells others what they need to know to make decisions, experience less anxiety and feel safe and secure. |
| clarifying | to check whether understanding is accurate, restate an unclear or ambiguous message to clarify the sender's meaning. |
| focusing | focusing centers on key elements or concepts of a message |
| paraphrasing | paraphrasing is restating another's message more briefly using one's own words. |
| asking relevant questions | nurses ask relevant questions to seek information needed for decision making |
| summarizing | summarizing is a concise review of key aspects of an interaction. summarizing brings a sense of satisfaction and closure t an individual conversation and is especially helpful during the termination phase of nurse client realtionship. |
| self disclosure | self disclosures are subjectively true, personal experiences about the self that are intentionally revealed to another person. |
| confrontation | to confront someone in a therapeutic way, you help the other person become more aware of inconsistencies in his or her feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. |
| asking personal questions | why don't you and John get married: asking personal questions that are not relevant to situation simply to satisfy curiosity is not appropriate |
| giving personal opinions | if I were you,I'd put your mother in a nursing home, if nurse gives personal opinion you take decision away from client. |
| changing the subject | "let's not talk about your problems with insurance company, it's time for your walk" change the subject when another person is trying to communicate is rude and lacks empathy. |
| automatic responses | "Older adults are always confused", administration doesn't care about the staff"; making stereotyped remarks about others reflects poor nursing judgement and threatens nurse client or team relationships |
| false reassurance | don't worry; false reassurance discourages open communication |
| sympathy | I'm so sorry about your mastectomy; it must be terrible to lose a breast. sympathy is concern, sorrow,or pity felt for the client generate3d by the nurse's personal identification with the client's needs. Objectivity is lost. |
| asking for explanations | why are you so anxious? Clients interpret why questions as accusations which causes resentment, insecurity and mistrust. |
| approval or disapproval | you shouldn't even think about assisted suicide; it's not right", do not impose you own attitudes, values, beliefs and moral standards on others while in the professional helping role. |
| defensive responses | "no one here would intentionally lie to you" Becoming defensive in face of criticism implies the other person has no right to an opinion. The client's needs are ignored when nurse focuses on defense. |
| passive or aggressive responses | "things are bad, and there's nothing I can do about it", aggressive responses provoke confrontation at the other person's expense. |
| arguing | "How can you say you didn't sleep a wink, when I heard you snoring all night long?" Challenging or arguing against perceptions denies that they are real and valid to other person. They imply other person is lying, misinformed, or uneducated. |
Created by:
azchic1973
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