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bkx HSC101 Q
HSC-101 Quiz: Cancer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bidi | hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes |
| DNA damages | tumor suppressor gene & growth regulating gene are damaged |
| Tumor suppressor gene | repairs mistakes in DNA |
| Growth regulating gene | regulates growth and division |
| Proto-oncogene | stimulates cells to divide; cancer turns proto-oncogenes into oncogenes, stimulating growth and division repeatedly without stimulation |
| Three External Factors | Chemicals, radiation, viruses |
| Four Internal Factors | Free radicals, hormones, inherited mutationsk, immune conditions |
| Two biggest risk factors | Tobacco (1/3) & unhealthy diet or body weight (1/3) |
| Risks for Men & Women | 1 out of 2 men, 1 out of 3 women |
| Benign tumor | does not typically spread |
| Malignant tumor | capable of metastasizing |
| Free radicals | electron-seekers |
| Antioxidants | electron donors |
| Vitamin C | need 60-75mg per day (strawberries, citrus, potatoes) |
| Vitamin E | need 12mg or 22 IU per day (nuts, vegetable oils) |
| Phytochemicals | act as antioxidants (ex. Beta-carotene) |
| Indoles | trigger enzymes to inhibit estrogen action |
| Five Ways Food Can Block Cancer Progression | 1) Carcinogen vs. destroys carcinogens, 2) damages DNA vs. enhances DNA repair capacity, 3) uncontrolled cell division vs. slows tumor growth, 4) invades nearby tissue vs. induces apoptosis, 5) spreads throughout body vs. slows cancer progression |
| Two Roles of Genetics | 1) response to exposures, 2) susceptibility to certain types of cancer |
| Top Three Cancers in Men | 1) Prostate, 2) Lung, 3) Colorectal |
| Top Three Cancers in Women | 1) Breast, 2) Lung, 3) Colorectal |
| Top Killer | Lung cancer |
| Percent of cancer deaths caused by tobacco | 42% in men, 30% in women |
| Most preventable cause of death by lung cancer | Smoking (87%) |
| Three Ways Smoking Damages the Lungs | 1) irritates lung pathways causing mucus production, 2) destroys the walls of the alveoli, 3) tar directly causes cancer |
| Prostate Cancer (Age) | 70% diagnosed over age 65 |
| Prostate Cancer (Family History) | may account for 5-10% of all cases |
| Early Detection Systems of Prostate Cancer | Prostate Specific Antigen test (PSA) and rectal Exam |
| Percentage of men with prostate cancer | 50% by age 80, 80% by age 100 |
| Okinawa phenomenon | people in Okinawa have 80% less PC than Americans – most have never even heard of it |
| Percent of women with breast cancer | 1/8 – <1% under 30 years old, 4% up to 40, 19% to 50, 77% past 50 |
| Breast Cancer (Family History) | 5-15% of cases – if you have the gene, you have 50-85% chance of developing BC during your lifetime |
| Breast cancer & estrogen exposure | every birth reduces a woman’s risk by 7%, every year of breast feeding reduces risk by 4.3% |
| Colorectal cancer (Age) | 90% diagnosed are older than 50 |
| Colorectal cancer (Family History) | 5% due to inherited mutation |
| Colorectal cancer (Smoking) | 12% of fatalities |
| Early Detection Systems of Colorectal Cancer | 1) Fecal Occult Blood test, 2) Flexible Sigmoidoscopy, 3) Colonoscopy, 4) Double Contrast Barium Enema |
| UVA rays | longer waves, cause wrinkles and can initiate or promote tumors |
| UVB rays | shorter ways, cause sunburn, eye and immune system damage, and DNA damage |
| Tanning bed risk | 8x stronger risk than non-tanning bed users |
| Skin Cancer (Family History) | 10% of cases have family history |
| ABCD Test | 1) Asymmetry, 2) Border, 3) Color, 4) Diameter |
| Two Dietary Guidelines from the American Cancer Society | 1) Plant-based diet, 2) Limit high-fat foods, particularly from animal products |
Created by:
bamkapowxo
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