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Med Language Ch. 10
Turley - Neurology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neurology | the medical specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system |
| sulcus | narrow groove on the surface of the brain |
| gyri | elevated folds on the surface of the brain |
| cerebrum | largest and most obvious part of the brain |
| cerebral cortex | outermost layer of the cerebrum (gray matter) |
| fissure | a natural cleft between body parts or in the substance of an organ |
| hemisphere | one half of the cerebrum (separated by a deep anterior to posterior fissure) |
| corpus callosum | connecting arch of neurons which supplies the only connection between the hemishperes of the cerebrum |
| gustatory | having the function of the sense of taste |
| auditory | having the function of the sense of hearing |
| frontal | pertaining to the front |
| ventricles | four interconnected cavities in the brain fill with cerebrospinal fluid |
| brainstem | composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
| occipital | pertaining to the back of the head |
| occipital lobe | area of the brain near the back of the head that analyzes the sensory information about vision |
| temporal lobe | two lobes (rt and lt) on each side of the head where sensory information about hearing and smells are analyzed. |
| cerebellum | the separate rounded section of the brain that lies inferior to the cerebrum. receives sensory information about muscle tone and body position to maintain balance |
| meninges | 3 separate layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord |
| spinal cord | long narrow column of neural tissue within the spinal canal |
| cauda equina | group of nerve roots found at the inferior end of the spinal cord |
| epidural | upon or above the dura mater |
| afferent | pertaining to bringing toward the center (nerve impulse to the spinal cord) |
| efferent | pertaining to bringing away or out from the center (nerve impulse to the body) |
| autonomic nervous system | controls the involuntary contractions of the cardiac muscle, as well as smooth muscles around organs, glands and other structures (broken down into sympathetic and parasympathetic) |
| parasympathetic division | active when the body is sleeping, resting, eating, or doing light activity (rest and digest) |
| sympathetic dcoivision | active when the body is active or exercising (fight or flight initiated here under stressful conditions) |
| somatic nervous system | controls the voluntary movements of the skeletal system such as running and moving your eyes to read |
| neurotransmitter | chemical substance that transmits a signal from one neuron to another |
| neurons | fundamental functional unit of nervous tissue |
| aphasia | loss of the ability to communcate verbally or in writing |
| amnesia | partial or total loss of memory |
| cephalgia or cephalalgia | headache |
| arteriovenous malformation (AVM) | abnormal connection of arteries to veins with no capillaries in between forming an abnormal tangle of vessels |
| cerebral palsy | caused by lack of oxygen to parts of the fetus's brain during birth resulting in spastic muscles and poor coordination |
| Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) | stroke;brain attack |
| hemiparesis | muscle weakness on one side of the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one half of the body |
| ischemic | pertaining to blood being blocked from flowing to a tissue or organ |
| infarct | area of dead tissue |
| deficit | a lack or impairment of functional capacity |
| concussion | a jarring injury of the brain resulting in disturbance of cerebral function and sometimes marked by permanent damage |
| dementia | disease of the brain in which many neurons in the cerebrum die, the cerebral cortex shrinks in size, and there is progressive deterioration of mental function |
| sym- | together; with |
| epilepsy | recurring condition in which a group of neurons in the brain spontaneously send out electrical impulses in an uncontrolled way |
| encephalitis | inflammation and infection of the brain caused by a virus |
| hydrocephalus | condition in which an excessive amount of CSF is produced or the flow of CSF is blocked |
| meningitis | inflammation and infection of the meninges caused by either a virus or bacteria |
| nuchal | pertaining to the neck |
| syncope | temporary loss of consciousness; fainting |
| anesthesia | condition in which sensation of any type is lost |
| -pleg/o | paralysis |
| myel/o- | bone marrow, spinal cord |
| electroencephelagram | recording of the electrical activity of the brain |
| lamin/o- | lamina (flat area on the spinal cord) |
Created by:
mhood@harpercollege.edu
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