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Chapter 5 cardiovasc
Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The hollow musucular organ located between the lungs | Heart |
| Double walled membranous sac that encloses the heart | pericardium |
| External layer of the heart | Epicardium |
| Middle and the thickest layer of the heart | Myocardium |
| The inner lining of the heart | endocardium |
| supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium | coronary arteries |
| The two upper chambers of the heart | Atria |
| A wall that separates two chambers | septum |
| Two lower chambers of the heart | ventricles |
| valve between the right atrium and right ventricle | Tricuspid |
| Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery | pulmonary semilunar valve |
| valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle | Mitral |
| valve located betweent he left ventricle and the aorta | aortic semilunar valve |
| The flow of blood between the heart and lungs | Pulmonary Circulation |
| Carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs | pulmonary arteries |
| Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium | pulmonary veins |
| flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs | systemic circulation |
| electrical impulses from nerves that stimulate the myocardium of the chambers of the heart | conduction system |
| located in the posterior wall of the heart near the entrance of the superior vena cava and is known as the pacemaker of the heart | sinoatrial node or SA node |
| Impulses from the SA node travel to the _________ node | atrioventricular node |
| a group of fibers located within the interventricular system. These fibers carry the electrical impulse to the left and right ventricles | Bundle of HIS |
| Specialized conduction fibers that are located within the walls of the ventricles which cause the ventricles to contract | Purkinje |
| This wave is due to contraction of the atria | P Wave |
| this wave is due to stimulation of the ventricles | QRS Wave |
| This wave shows recovery of the ventricles | T Wave |
| Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to all regions of the body | Arteries |
| Pertaining to the inner portion of an artery or within an artery | endoarterial |
| this blood is bright red in color due to the oxygenation level | atrial blood |
| The largest blood vessel in the body | Aorta |
| Major artery that carries blood to the head | carotid arteries |
| Smaller thinner branches of arteries | arterioles |
| These vessels return oxygen poor blood to the heart | veins |
| Smallest veins that join to form larger veins | venules |
| The largest vein in the body | vena cava |
| Only one epitheleal cell in thickness and are the smallest blood vessels in the body | capillaries |
| the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery caused by the contraction of the heart | Pulse |
| measurement of the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of arteries | blood pressure |
| mature red blood cells produced by the bone marrow | erythrocytes |
| These blood cells are involved in defending the body against infective organisms | leukocytes |
| Most common type of WBC | Neutrophils |
| This WBC is responsible for allergy symptoms | Basophils |
| This WBC destroys parasitic organisms and play a large role in major allergic reactions | Eosinophils |
| These wbc identify foreign substgances in the body and produce antibodies that target that forein substance | Lymphocytes |
| These are the smallest formed element in blood that play a role in the clotting of blood | Thrombocytes |
| Structural heart abnormalities that are formed before birth | Congenital Heart defects |
| atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries | Coronary artery disease |
| Hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque | athersclerosis |
| A group of cardiac disabilities that result from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart | Ischemic heart disease |
| Insufficient oxygen supply due to restricted blood flow | Ischemia |
| Also known as a heart attack | myocardial infarction |
| Chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all of the blood it receives | Congestive heart failure or heart failure |
| Abnormal enlargement of the heart | Cardiomegaly |
| Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart | endocarditis |
| Describes all the diseases of heart muscle | cardiomyopathy |
| Abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in inability of the valve to close completely | Valvular prolapse |
| Narrowing, stiffning, thickening, or blockage of a valve in the heart | Valvular stenosis |
| Loss of normal ryhthm of the heart | arrhythmia |
| pounding or racing heart | palpitation |
| benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels | hemangioma |
| deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part | hypoperfusion |
| angitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time | polyarteritis |
| peripheral vascular disease caused by atherosclerosis | peripheral aterial occlusive disease |
| peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress | Raynaud's phenomenon |
| a localized weak spot or a balloon like enlargement in the wall of an artery | aneurysm |
| thickening and loss of elasticity of artery walls | arteriosclerosis |
| abnormally swollen veins | varicose veins |
| a blood clot attached to the wall of a blood vessel | thrombus |
| a blood clot attached to the wall of a blood vessel in a deep vein | deep vein thrombus |
| a blood clot, small amount of air or gas, tissue that is circulating in the blood | embolus |
| spread of microorganims and their toxins circulating in the blood | septicemia |
| complication of a blood transfusion that can be fatal | transfusion reaction |
| Loss of a large amount of blood in a short time | Hemorrhage |
| low blood pressure that occurs when you stand up | hypotension |
| medicine that stimulates the kidneys to increase secretion of urine | diuretic |
| removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the blood's cellular elements | plasmapheresis |
Created by:
tonyawiltshire
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