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Med Term chap Four
muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| muscul/o, myo, myos/o | med terms for muscle |
| fascia | Cover support and separate muscles |
| Tendons | Attach muscle to bone |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | medical terms for tendons |
| aponeurosis | shrrtlike fibrous connective tissue that serves as a fascia to bind muscles together |
| What are the three types of muscle tissue | skeletal, smooth, and myocardial |
| skeletal muscle is known as | voluntary muscle or striated muscle |
| this muscle is located in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and ducts | smooth muscle, or involuntary muscle |
| forms the muscular walls of the heart | myocardial muscle |
| contraction | tightening of a muscle |
| relaxation | when a muscle returns to its original form |
| adduction | movement of a limb towards the midline of the body |
| abduction | movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint |
| extension | increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb |
| hyperextension | extreme or overextension of a limb or body part |
| rotation | turns a bone on its own axis |
| supination | turns the palm of the hand upward or forward |
| dorsiflexion | bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| circumduction | the circular movement at the far end of a limb |
| pronation | turns the palm of the hand downward or backward |
| plantar flexion | bends the foot downward at the ankle |
| origin | the place where the muscle begins |
| insertion | place where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon |
| sphincter muscle | ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway |
| neurologist | physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar disorders with loss of function |
| physiatrist | physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation |
| rheumatologist | physician who specializes in the treatment of arthritis and disorders such as osteoporosis |
| fibromyalgia | debilitation chronic condition characterized by fatigue, muscle pain |
| tenodynia | pain in a tendon |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | disorder that affects many body systems. Symptoms are profound fatigue |
| adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together |
| atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues |
| myalgia | tenderness or pain in the muscle |
| myocele | herniation of muscle through a tear in the fascia |
| myorrhexis | rupture or tearing of a muscle |
| sacropenia | loss of muscle mass, strengty, and function that comes with aging |
| muscle tone | state of balanced muscle tension |
| atonic | lacking normal muscle tone |
| dystonia | condition of abnormal muscle tone |
| hypertonia | condition of excessive tone of skeletal muscle |
| hypotonia | condition of diminished tone of skeletal muscle |
| ataxia | inability to ccordinate muscle activity |
| contracture | permanent tightening of fascia,muscles,tendons,ligamints. |
| intermittent claudication | pain in the leg muscles that occur during exercise and are releived by rest |
| bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement |
| myasthenia Gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction which produces weakness of voluntary muscles |
| muscular dystrophy | genetic disease characterized by progressive weakenss and degeneration of skeletal muscle |
| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow |
| plantar fascitis | inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot |
| sprain | an injury to a joint, such as the ankle, knee, or wrist that involves a stretched or torn ligament |
| strain | injury to the body of a muscle or to the attachment of a tendon |
| hamstring injury | can be a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee |
| spinal cord injury | type of paralysis is determined by level of the vertebra closest to the injury |
| hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body |
| hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting one side of the body |
| paraplegia | paralysis of lower extremities and lower part of the body |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| ergonomics | study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment |
| RICE | acronym meaning rest, ice, compression, and elevation |
| myorrhaphy | suturing a muscle wound |
Created by:
tonyawiltshire
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