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LPT Med adm chap 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | passage of a substance into the bloodstream from the site of administration |
| action | the drug's chemical effects on body cells |
| adverse reaction | an unintended and undesirable effect of a drug |
| allergy | the reaction of the body cell to a foreign substance (antigen) to which it has previously developed antibodies |
| anaphylaxis | severe allergic reaction that may be fatal |
| antigen | substance that stimulates production of antibodies and causes allergic reactions |
| antibody | substance produced in the body that helps the body fight off foreign invaders like micro-organisms and antigens |
| biotransformation | also known a metabolism: normal body process by which substances are chemically broken down into a water soluble form that the body can excrete; part of the cells work of burning fuel for growth and energy |
| cumulative effect | increased effects of drug that is not completely metabolized or excreted before another dose is administered |
| dependence | a compulsion to continue taking a drug: can be physical and/or psychological |
| detoxify | eliminate substances that are toxic or poisonous to the body |
| distribution | transport of drugs to body cells and spaces between cells |
| drug abuse | taking drugs for thier mood-altering effects or taking too many drugs or too much of a drug |
| drug misuse | overuse or careless use of any drug |
| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing |
| effect | a physical or psychological change in a patient brought about by a drug |
| enzyme | a chemical that speeds up biotransformation |
| excretion | the removal of waste substances from the body |
| histamine | substance released from injured cells during an allergic reaction, responsible for allergic symptoms |
| idiosyncrasy | a peculiar, unusual individual response to a drug |
| local | having an effect in the immediate area of administration for example eyedrops designed to only affect the eye |
| overdose | drug dose that is too large for a person's age, size, or physical condition |
| pharmacokinetics | the absorbtion, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs |
| placebo | an inactive substance that has not pharmacological effect (pill containing sugar or injection of normal saline/sterile water) |
| potentiation | two drugs administered at the same time where one drug increases the effect of the other |
| reservoir | a tissue where drugs tend to collect; different drugs tend to collect in different tissues |
| side effects | desirable or undesirable effects of drug apart from the primary purpose for giving the drug |
| synergism | drug interaction in which the effect of the two drug in combination is greater the effects of each drug given separately |
| systemic | having an effect throughout the body |
| therapeutic effect | desired or predicted physiological response caused by a drug |
| tolerance | need for increased dose of a drug to produce the same physical and/or psychological effect |
| toxicity | poisonous effect of prolonged exposure to high doses or too-frequent administration of a drug |
| withdrawal symptoms | a set of physical reactions that occur when a person stops taking a drug on which he or she is phycially dependent |
| organs that excrete waste | kidneys, large intestine, lungs, milk glands, skin |
| drug action is affected by four bodily processes | absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion |
| Name 5 OTC drugs that are commonly abused | laxative, acetaminophen, aspirin, nicotine, alcohol |
| What are two critical symptoms may occur when a patient takes an overdose of CNS depressants | breathing stops and heart stops |
| After taking several doses of medicine, Bill no longer seems to be affected by the drug. This may be a symptom of | tolerance |
| Mrs Jones gets a stronger drug effect with each additional dose of her medication. She maybe showing signs of | cumulative effect |
| Annie is reacting in an abnormal or peculiar way to her medication. You have never seen a person react this way to the medication she is taking. Drug allergy has been ruled out. Annie's response to the drug will probably be classified as | idiosyncrasy |
| Miss Grimes seems very sleepy and confused after receiving her medication. You discover that someone misread the order and gave her a dose that was too large. You notify the supervisor immediately because you think she is showing signs of | overdose |
| Symptoms of mild to moderate drug allergy | skin rashes, itchy eyes, itchy skin, wheezing, fever, nasal drainage |
| Symptoms of anaphylaxis | severe wheezing and dyspnea as the bronchial muscle constricts and swelling of the pharynx and larynx. A medical emergency. |
| T/F Intravenous drugs are administered directly into the muscle and have the fastest absorption | false |
| T/F The sex of an individual can influence drug action | true |
| T/F Drugs are absorbed more quickly if the patient has food in the gastrointestinal tract | false |
| T/F Drugs act faster in hot weather | true |
| T/F Avoid reexposure to the drug when an allergic reaction occurs | true |
| A skin lotion is applied to dry skin for a(n) | local effect |
| Withdrawal symptoms include | nausea and sweating |
| The healthcare worker's responsibility in adverse reaction is to | immediately call the nurse or supervisor |
| Because of a disease condition, a patient's liver cannot metabolize drugs very quickly. They begin to collect in the patient's body, so you see a stronger effect after each dose. This is an example of | cumulation |
| A decreased physiological response to repeated administrations of a drug is | tolerance |
| The route of administration in which absorption begins in the mouth is | sublingual or buccal |
| After a healthcare worker administers a drug by the oral route, absorption begins in the | stomach/intestine |
| The effects of Tetracycline are decreased when it is taken with | milk and milk products |
| The processing and elimations of drugs are affected by diseases of the the | liver and kidneys |
| Drugs that frequently produce a tolerance are | tobacco and alcohol |
| When one drug modifies the action of another drug, it is called | drug interaction |
| Maalox (antacid) and ferrous sulfate (iron supplement are given to a patient receiving tetracycline, and antibiotic, is an example of | antagonism |
| A patient may take two drugs for hypertension because of their | synergistic effect |
| When drug cumulation occurs | stop the medication |
| An ____person may require a higher dose of a drug to achieve the desired result | obese |
| The absorption of fat-soluable vitamins (A,D,E,& K) is decreased when | taking mineral oil for constipation |
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