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LPT cardio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anemia | any condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced |
| angina pectoris | chest pain resulting from lack of oxygen in the heart |
| anticoagulant | drug that inhibits or delays blood from clotting (Coumadin) |
| antihypertensive | drug that lowers high blood pressure |
| antiplatelets | drug that suppresses platelet aggregation and prevents blood clots (thrombosis) (Plavix & ASA) |
| antilipemic | drug that lowers the level of lipid (cholesterol) in the blood (Lipitor) |
| ateriosclerosis | thickening of the walls of arteries with a loss of elasticity and ability to contract |
| artery | blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| atherosclerosis | accumulation of cholesterol on the walls of the arteries |
| bradycardia | slow heartbeat, less than 60/min |
| capillary | smallest vessels connecting arteries and vein, where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place |
| cardiac glycocide | drug that strengthens the heart contraction, slows the heart (digoxin) |
| cyanosis | bluish color of skin due to lack of oxygen |
| diuretic | drug that reduces fluid volume in the body by stimulating urine flow (lasix) |
| dyspnea | labored or difficult breathing common with edema from CHF |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rythmn |
| edema | abnormal accumulation of fluids in the interstitial tissue, common with CHF |
| ECG | electrocardiogram showing the spread of electrical exitation to different parts of the heart |
| embolus | small amount of fat, air or a blood clot that circulates in the blood until it lodges in a blood vessel |
| endocardium | innermost layer of the heart |
| fibrillate | to quiver or contract spontaneously, causing ineffective contractions of the heart. |
| hematinic | drug that increases the hemoglobin content in the blood. Iron replacement such as Feosol |
| hemoglobin | iron containing substance found on RBC that Oxygen attachs to. |
| hemoptysis | coughing up blood often associated with CHF |
| hypercholesterolemia | high cholesterol level. Total over 200, Normal range would be LDL under 100 and HDL over 40. |
| hypertension | high blood pressure Systolic over 140 mm Hg, and diastolic over 90 mm Hg |
| hypotension | low blood pressure. Systolic below 90 mm Hg. Life threatening when associated with shock |
| leukemia | general term to describe a group of malignant conditions affecting blood forming tissues of the bone marrow, lymph system and spleen |
| myocardial infarction | MI, "heart attack" or death to part of the heart muscle due to lack of oxygen |
| myocardium | the heart muscle |
| orthostatic hypotension | a condition of low blood pressure that occurs when a person rises from a sitting or lying position. Sx dizzy, faint, may pass out |
| Average pulse rate | 60-100 beat per minute |
| leukocytes | white blood cells, fight infection |
| Called the silent killer | hypertension |
| The average adult blood pressure is | 120/70 mm Hg |
| What kind of diet does a patient with cardiovascular disease have | low salt, low cholesterol |
| Shock is defined as | a collapse of the circulation due to injury, severe blood loss, surger, or allergic reaction |
| CHF is: | congestive heart failure a condition in which the blood backs up from the heart into the veins and vital organs, causing swelling and edema |
| The maintenance dose is: | the dose given regularly to keep up the level of a drug in the blood |
| T/F Patients taking anticoagulants must have regular blood test to adjust the dose | T |
| Nitroglycerin is a | vasodilator |
| Before giving Digoxin to a person you should: | take his apical pulse x 1min and chart it. Do not give if pulse is under 60. |
| pericardium | sac that encases the heart |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| platelets | cells that aid in blood clotting |
| tachycardia | rapid heartbeat (more than 100/minute) |
| thrombolytic | drug that is capable of dissolving blood clots (only used in hospitals) |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein blocked by a thrombus (clot) |
| vasodilator | drug that expands blood vessel, used to treat angina pectoris and hypertension (nitroglycerin) |
| ventricular fibrillation: | no organized heart rhythm that result in heart quivering and imminent death if not treated. |
| symptoms of shock: | hypotension, high pulse rate, pale clammy skin, mental confusion |
| Antilipemics | reduce LDL, increase HDL and are also know as statins |
| Two common anti-platelet med are | Plavix & ASA |
| A person taking Lasix will probably need a supplement of | potassium |
| Beta blockers such as Inderal and nadolol need what before administering | Pulse taken for 1 minute, do not administer if pulse is 60 and below |
| Potassium sparing means: | the drug will not remove existing potassium from the body |
| An unusual symptom of digitalis toxcity is: | yellow green halos around images, blurred vision |
| Foods high in potassium are: | bananas and potatoes |
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