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Legal&Ethics ch9-12
Legal&Ethics ch9-12 PHCC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Just cause | An employer’s legal reason for firing an employee |
| Wrongful discharge | Firing an employee without just cause |
| Discrimination | Failure to treat all persons equally when there is no reasonable distinction between those favored and those unfavored |
| An employer’s legal reason for firing an employee | Just cause |
| Firing an employee without just cause | Wrongful discharge |
| there is no reasonable distinction between those favored and those unfavored | Discrimination |
| Sexual Harassment | Unwanted sexual attention from anyone the victim may interact with on the job where the victim’s response may be restrained by fear of reprisals |
| Unwanted sexual attention from anyone the victim may interact with on the job where the victim’s response may be restrained by fear of reprisals | Sexual Harassment |
| Unwanted sexual attention from anyone the victim may interact with on the job where the victim’s response may be | restrained by fear of reprisals |
| Sexual Harassment behaviors include: (4) | 1.Verbal comments regarding sex 2.Subtle pressure for sexual activity 3.Leering 4.Unwanted touching such as pinching or patting |
| Affirmative action | To provide preferential treatment to minorities who have been underutilized in the past. |
| To provide preferential treatment to minorities who have been underutilized in the past. | Affirmative action |
| Federal Age Discrimination Act (FADA) | Workers over the age of forty cannot be discriminated against because of age in any employment decisions |
| Workers over the age of forty cannot be discriminated against because of age in any employment decisions | Federal Age Discrimination Act (FADA) |
| Fair Labor Standards Act | Established the minimum wage, extra pay for overtime, and regulated the employment of minors. |
| Established the minimum wage, extra pay for overtime, and regulated the employment of minors. | Fair Labor Standards Act |
| Equal Pay Act | Requires equal pay for men and women doing the same work |
| Requires equal pay for men and women doing the same work | Equal Pay Act |
| Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) | The EEOC is the agency responsible for investigating job discrimination |
| The EEOC is the agency responsible for investigating job discrimination | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) |
| It is legal for employers to ask perspective employees the following questions: (4) | 1.Work experience 2.Education 3.Health 4.Criminal record |
| It is illegal for employers to ask perspective employees the following questions: (8) | 1.Race 2.Religion 3.National Origin 4.Sexual orientation 5.Age 6.Marital status 7.Children 8.Pregnancy |
| Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) | Requires employers of fifty or more people to provide up to twelve weeks unpaid leave each year |
| Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)Requires employers of fifty or more people to provide up to twelve weeks unpaid leave each year for: (3) | 1.Serious health condition of an employee 2.Serious health condition of a member of the employees immediate family. 3.Birth or adoption of a child |
| The employee seeking FMLA must have worked at least | 1250 hours in the past year to be eligible |
| Baby boom generation | Those between 1946 and 1964 |
| Those between 1946 and 1964 | Baby boom generation |
| Starting in 2011, how many baby boomers will turn 65 each day? | 10,000 |
| Social Security (SS) is funded by the | Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA) |
| The standard deduction from your paycheck for FICA is | 7.65% |
| Monetary benefits paid by Social Security (SS) include: (4) | 1.Retirement (pension) 2.Disability benefits 3.Dependent’s (children) benefits 4.Survivor’s (spouse) benefits |
| Retirement benefits are based on the | highest 35 years of earnings |
| The worker must be employed for at least | 10 years from covered employment |
| The age at which eligibility for full retirement benefits occurs depends on | DOB |
| Early retirement | You may start receiving benefits as early as 62 |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | Represents 100% of the country’s income for all goods and services |
| (GDP) | Gross Domestic Product |
| (OSHA) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| OSHA is responsible for regulations and enforcement of | safety and health in the workplace |
| OSHA’s Right to Know Laws (3) | 1.Employees must be notified of all hazards in the workplace. 2.Employees must be educated to safely deal with the hazards. 3.Protective equipment must be provided when employees come in contact with the hazards. |
| 1.Employees must be notified of all hazards in the workplace. 2.Employees must be educated to safely deal with the hazards. 3.Protective equipment must be provided when employees come in contact with the hazards. | OSHA’s Right to Know Laws |
| Workers’ Compensation | Insurance that reimburses employees for losses sustained due to work related injury or disease, regardless of fault |
| Workers' Compensation is insurance that reimburses employees for losses sustained due to | work related injury or disease, regardless of fault |
| Workers’ Compensation is designed to cover losses that include:(3) | 1.The cost of medical care 2.Lost income 3.Rehabilitation services |
| Worker Compensation is paid for by the | employer |
| (FADA) | Federal Age Discrimination Act |
| (EEOC) | Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
| (FMLA) | Family and Medical Leave Act |
| (SS) | Social Security |
| (FICA) | Federal Insurance Contribution Act |
| Heredity | The process by which organisms pass genetic traits to their offspring |
| Embryo | A fertilized ovum for the first 8 weeks of gestation |
| Fetus | The fertilized ovum from the 9th week of gestation to birth |
| Viable (viability) | The ability of the fetus to survive outside of the uterus (21-22 weeks) |
| Abortion | Termination of a pregnancy |
| Genes (genetics) | Represent the blue print of how the body is constructed |
| This blueprint is also expressed as an abbreviation called | DNA |
| Chromosomes | Groups of genes |
| Amniocentesis | A test for genetic abnormalities |
| Clone | An organism genetically identical to the parent |
| Genetic engineering | Manipulation of DNA to eliminate undesirable traits |
| Stem cells | Cells that have the potential to become any type of body cell |
| Infertility | The inability to produce offspring AKA sterility |
| In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) | Fertilization that takes place outside a woman’s body |
| Artificial insemination | Introduction of spermatozoa into the vagina by artificial means |
| Homologous artificial insemination | The use of the husbands spermatozoa |
| Heterologous artificial insemination | The use of donor spermatozoa |
| Surrogate mother | A woman who agrees to carry a child to term for a couple, for a fee |
| Parens patriae | The state is obligated to remove a child from the family if abuse or neglect is suspected |
| Safe haven laws | Allows mothers to abandon newborns to designated safe facilities without penalties |
| Baby Doe Regulations | If a life saving treatment is available for a minor, it must be provided |
| Exceptions for Baby Doe Regulations: (3) | 1.The minor is chronically or irreversibly comatose. 2.The treatment would merely prolong dying. 3.The treatment is futile. |
| TBI | Traumatic Brain Injury |
| EEG | Electroencephalogram |
| Prognosis | The predicted outcome of a disease |
| Coma | Unconscious where the patient does not respond to stimuli |
| (PVS) | Persistent Vegetative State |
| Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) | Cessation of higher brain functions caused by damage to the cerebrum |
| Brain death | Cerebral and brain stem functions cease |
| Terminally ill | Patients who are expected to die within 6 months |
| Autonomy | Independence |
| Hospice | Care for terminally ill that focuses on pain relief, controlling symptoms, and emotional needs instead of targeting the underlying disease process |
| Palliative care | Treating the symptoms but not curing |
| Euthanasia | Physician assisted suicide AKA mercy killing |
| States where euthanasia is legal include: | Oregon and Washington |
| (DNR) | Do-Not-Resuscitate |
| Active euthanasia | A conscious medical act that results in the death of a dying person |
| Passive euthanasia | Allowing a dying patient to die naturally |
| Voluntary euthanasia | A medical act ending dying patient’s life with their permission |
| Involuntary euthanasia | A medical act ending a dying patients without their permission |
| Expired | Died |
| Post mortem | After death |
| Rigor mortis | Stiffness that occurs in a dead body |
| Advance directive | Document that specifies an Individual’s end-of-life wishes |
| Do-Not-Resuscitate | (DNR) |
| Living will | An advance directive stating that a person does not want to be kept alive by artificial means (heroic measures) when there is little expectation of recovery |
| Health care proxy | An advance directive designating another to make medical decisions for you when you become mentally incapacitated |
| A health care proxy is AKA | health care power of attorney OR durable power of attorney for healthcare OR healthcare surrogate. |
| Power of Attorney (POA) | Authorized to act on someone else’s behalf in a legal or business matter |
| POA ends with the death of the | grantor |
| Grantor | One who gives legal authority |
| Grantee | One who receives legal authority |
| The order of family priority is: (4) | a.Spouse b.Oldest adult child c.Parents d.Oldest adult sibling |
| Mandatory Reports of Deaths (6) | 1.Violent Deaths2.Deaths due to criminal abortion 3.Deaths occurring when the physician was not in attendance.4.Deaths of persons after unexplained comas.5.Medically unexpected deaths during the course of a therapeutic procedure.6.Deaths of prisoners at |
| It is not necessary to report | a death if a patient is expected to die and their physician agrees to sign the death certificate. |
| The authority that deaths are reported to is called | the medical examiner (ME) AKA coroner |
| Inquest | An investigation by a coroner (ME) to determine the cause of death |
| The coroner (ME) will determine if an | autopsy is to be performed |
| Autopsy | The postmortem examination to determine cause of death (COD) |
| Harvest | The removal of organs for transplantation |
| The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act The rules concerning organ donation (5) | 1.The donor must be of sound mind and at least 18 years old. 2.Your relatives can donate your organs 3.The donation must go to a legitimate facility or cause.4.The documentation may be made by document. 5.The donor may change their mind at any time. |
| Stages of Death and Dying | The stages of death and dying can occur to the person dying or the family and friends of the dying person |
| The 5 Stages of Death and Dying | 1.Denial 2. Anger: directed towards medical prof. 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance |
| Access | The availability and affordability of health care |
| Pharmacogenomics | The science that defines how individuals are genetically programmed to respond to drugs |
| Genometrics | The science of how genes cause the expression of certain traits |
| Minimally invasive surgery | Corrective surgical techniques that do not require large incisions into body cavities |
| Care for terminally ill that focuses on pain relief, controlling symptoms, and emotional needs instead of targeting the underlying disease process | Hospice |
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Urania
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