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ch16
endocrine PHCC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endocrine refers to | glands that secrete hormones within |
| Hormones are | chemical catalysts |
| A catalyst is | anything causing a reaction to occur |
| The endocrine glands include: | Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands Pancreas |
| Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands Pancreas | The endocrine glands include: |
| The pituitary gland is AKA | hypophysis |
| hypophysis | AKA the pituitary gland |
| The pituitary (hypophysis) is AKA | “master gland” |
| “master gland” | The pituitary (hypophysis) |
| The pituitary (hypophysis) is called the “master gland” because | it controls other endocrine glands by secreting hormones |
| The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is located | at the base of the brain and the size of a pea |
| Growth Hormone | (GH) |
| Growth Hormone (GH) causes | growth and development of the body |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | (ACTH) |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) will stimulate | the adrenal glands to secrete their hormones |
| Hormones secreted from the adrenal glands are AKA | steroids |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone | (TSH)AKA thyrotropin or T7. |
| TSH (thyrotropin or T7) stimulates the | thyroid gland to secrete its hormones |
| Gonadotropic hormone: | aids in the development of secondary sexual characteristics |
| Female secondary sexual characteristics include: | a. Breast development b. Pubic, body, and Axillary hair c. Widening of pelvis for childbirth Menses |
| Male secondary sexual characteristics include: | a. Facial, pubic, and body hair b. Lower voice c. Development of the superior male body musculature |
| Primary sexual characteristics refer to | whether you are male or female |
| Prolactin is AKA | lactogenic hormone |
| Prolactin is AKA lactogenic hormone | Stimulates breast development and milk production in women. |
| Oxytocin | (OT) |
| Oxytocin (QT) | stimulates uterine contractions during labor. |
| Synthetic oxytocin (OT) is called | Pitocin |
| Synthetic means | artificially made |
| Pitocin is AKA a | “pit drip” |
| Pitocin is used to | induce labor |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | (ADH) |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water |
| Follicle stimulating hormone | (FSH) |
| Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | Stimulates the maturation of a follicle into an ovum |
| A follicle is AKA | egg cell (oocyte) |
| A mature oocyte is called an | ovum |
| The thyroid gland is located | adjacent (next) to the larynx |
| The thyroid gland is made up of | sections called lobes |
| Hormones secreted by the thyroid include | 1.Thyroxine AKA T3 + T4. 2.Calcitonin. Stimulates the bones to absorb calcium (Ca). |
| Thyroxine AKA T3 + T4. Has a direct influence on | metabolism |
| Metabolism is the rate at which | the body burns energy |
| A synthetic thyroxine (T3+T4) is called | Synthroid |
| Calcitonin. | Stimulates the bones to absorb calcium (Ca) |
| A synthetic calcitonin is called | Miacalcin |
| Calcitonin is not | calcium (Ca) |
| The parathyroid glands are located | posterior to the thyroid gland |
| The hormones secreted by the parathyroid glands is | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | Stimulates the bones to release calcium (Ca) into the bloodstream. |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) will be secreted when | blood calcium (Ca) levels fall |
| A blood condition of deficient calcium (Ca) is called | hypocalcemia (calcipenia) |
| Blood calcium levels will fall if a person does not | ingest enough daily dietary calcium (Ca) |
| The recommended daily minimum requirement of calcium (Ca) is | three/four – 8 ounce glasses of milk or the equivalent every day |
| Foods rich in calcium include | dairy, broccoli, and sardines |
| Homeostasis refers to a | continuous struggle to maintain a metabolic balance in the body |
| The body will try to maintain calcium (Ca) homeostasis by | releasing parathyroid hormone |
| The parathyroid hormone (PTH) will cause the | bones to release calcium (Ca) into the bloodstream |
| The tissue that has priority for the calcium (Ca) stored in the bones is | muscle (heart) |
| Over time, parathyroid hormone (PTH) can cause | osteomalacia and osteoporosis |
| The adrenal glands are located | in the suprarenal areas |
| Suprarenal means | above a kidney |
| Hormones secreted by the adrenal glands include: | 1.Cortisol 2.Aldosterone 3.Adrenalin AKA epinephrine (“epi”) |
| Cortisol: The functions include: | a.Aids with the adverse effects of stress b.Aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. |
| Carbohydrates are necessary for | energy |
| Fats are necessary for the | absorption of certain vitamins |
| Proteins are necessary for | growth and repair |
| Aldosterone: Necessary for the | regulation of the body salts |
| The salts of the body are AKA | electrolytes (“lytes”) |
| Electrolytes (“lytes”) include: | a.Sodium (Na) b.Potassium (K) c.Chloride (Cl) |
| Adrenalin AKA epinephrine (“epi”) | The secretion promotes a “fight or flight response” |
| Adrenalin AKA epinephrine (“epi”) It Includes: | a.Tachycardia b.Tachypnea c.Bronchodilation d.Pupil dilation e.Pallor |
| The tachycardia, tachypnea, and bronchodialtion aid the body with | increased respiration and delivery of oxygenated blood to tissues |
| The pupils dilate to | increase your visual field (VF) |
| Pallor is caused by | shunting of blood from the periphery to the major organs and large muscle groups |
| Shunting means to | divert or redirect |
| The pancreas is located | retrogastric |
| Retrogastric means | posterior to the stomach |
| A hormone excreted by the pancreas is | insulin |
| Insulin is necessary for | glucose to enter cells |
| Insulin is released when | blood sugar (BS) rises |
| If there is insufficient insulin, the glucose does not enter the cells, and they will | starve for energy |
| A synthetic insulin is called | Humulin |
| Cortex | Outer |
| Adrenocorticohypherplasia | Excessive development of an adrenal cortex |
| Adrenopathy | Disease condition of an adrenal gland |
| Endocrinologist | A specialist in the study of the endocrine system |
| Endocrinopathy | Any disease condition of the endocrine system |
| Exophthalmic or exophthalmous | Abnormal protrusion of the eye balls |
| Polydipsia | A condition of excessive thirst |
| Polyuria | A condition of excessive urination |
| Adrenalectomy | Surgical removal of an adrenal gland |
| Parathyroidectomy | Surgical removal of a parathyroid gland(s) |
| Thyroidotomy | Surgical incision of the thyroid gland |
| Thyroparathyroidectomy | Surgical removal of the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland(s) |
| Acromegaly | Enlargement of the extremities |
| Adrenalitis | Inflammation of an adrenal gland |
| Hypercalcemia | A blood condition of excessive calcium |
| Hyperglycemia | Blood condition of excessive sugar |
| Hyperkalemia | Blood condition of excessive potassium |
| Hyponatremia | Blood condition of deficient sodium |
| Thyroid scan | X-ray of the thyroid using a radioactive contrast |
| Which department will perform this test? | Nuclear Medicine |
| Thyroid ultrasound | A diagnostic image of the thyroid using sound waves |
| Exocrine glands | Glands that secrete out: |
| Glands that secrete out are | a. sebaceous glands (sebum) b. sudoriferous glands (sweat) c. cerumrnous glands (cerumen) d. lacrimal glands (tears) |
| BS | Blood sugar (glucose), Bowel Sounds, Breath sounds |
| Ca | Calcium or Cancer |
| FBS | Fasting Blood Sugar |
| GTT | Glucose tolerance test |
| gt | A drop |
| gtt | Drops |
| I | Iodine |
| PBI | Protein bound iodine |
| RAIU | Radioactive iodine uptake |
| Anytime you see the term iodine in a test, it will usually refer to the | thyroid gland |
| TFT | Thyroid function tests |
Created by:
Urania
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