Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Crim Justice - Q1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Actus Reus | the criminal act or legally relevant failure to act |
| Mens Rea | the criminal mental state or intent associated with committing an offense |
| Stare Decisis | stare decisis means that courts generally follow established legal precedents when deciding similar cases |
| Felonies | more serious criminal offenses, generally punishable by imprisonment for more than one year (ex: murder, serious burglary) |
| Misdemeanor | less serious criminal offense, generally punishable by less severe penalties than a felony, often involving a maximum jail sentence of one year or less |
| Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) | FBI crime statistics based primarily on crimes reported to or known by law enforcement agencies |
| National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) | provides more detailed information about individual criminal incidents than the traditional UCR system (information about offenses, victims, offenders, locations, circumstances) |
| Hierarchy Rule | a reporting rule associated with traditional UCR reporting in which, when multiple offenses occur during a single incident, the most serious offense is generally counted for reporting purposes |
| National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) | collects information directly from people about their experiences with crime |
| Why The NCVS Is Important | because some crimes are never reported to police |
| Dark Figure Of Crime | the total amount of unreported, unrecorded, and undetected criminal activity that never makes it into official crime statistics |
| Why Crime Rates Are Important | allow researchers to make more meaningful comparisons between populations |
| Crime Rates | express the amount of crime relative to the size of the population |
| Clearance Rate | the percentage of reported crimes that law enforcement agencies consider "solved" |
| Crime With The Highest Clearance Rate & Why | murder & non-negligent manslaughter (maximum urgency, public pressure, relationship context, etc.) |
| Classical Theory | people choose crime through free will/rational decision-making |
| Neoclassical Theory | rational choice matters, but individual circumstances matter too |
| Positivist Theory | crime has identifiable scientific/individual/social causes |
| Biological/Trait Theories | individual biological/psychological traits can contribute |
| Social Disorganization Theory | disorganized communities can produce higher crime |
| Strain Theory | blocked opportunities can create pressure to commit crime |
| Learning Theory | crime is learned from others |
| Control Theory | strong social bonds discourage crime |
| Labeling Theory | being labeled can contribute to future offending |
| Social Conflict Theory | power and inequality influence crime and criminalization |
| Feminist Theory | gender and inequality influence crime |
| Routine Activity Theory | offender + target + lack of guardian = opportunity |
| Situational Crime Prevention | reduce crime by reducing opportunities |
| Frank Serpico | NYPD officer who reported corruption within the department, & investigations of NYPD corruption led to the Knapp Commission |
| Knapp Commision | popularized two categories of corrupt officers: grass eaters & meat eaters |
| Grass Eaters | passively accept available benefits or payoffs |
| Meat Eaters | actively seek corruption and substantial financial gain |
| Deontology Focus | focuses on duty, obligation, and rules (Kant) |
| Utilitarianism Focus | focuses on consequences (Bentham & Mill) |
| Virtue Ethics Focus | focuses on character and integrity (Aristotle) |
| Deontology Example: An Officer Should Not Fabricate Evidence, Even To... | convict someone believed guilty |
| Deontology Question | what is my duty? |
| Utilitarianism Question | what produces the greatest good |
| Virtue Ethics Question | what kind of criminal justice professional should I be? |
| Golden Mean | virtue often lies between harmful extremes |
| The Slippery Slope | minor misconduct can make increasingly serious misconduct easier to rationalize |
Created by:
age47
Popular Criminal Justice sets