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Human Development
Human Development Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the focus of the study of human development (one word) | Change |
| What ideas are life-span studies based on | lifelong, multidimensional, multi directional, plasticity |
| Cognitive qualities: | language, creativity, thinking |
| Physical qualities: | body, senses, motor skills |
| Psychological qualities: | emotions, feelings, relationships |
| social construction and provide an example | an idea or belief based on society and its influence example: value of money |
| know general life span development | information found on lifespan paper |
| individual differences: | everyone is different due to genetics, beliefs, religion, etc. |
| heredity vs environment | (cannot be seperated) inherited and external influences |
| normative age-graded influence: | Events that occur to people during a specific age |
| life-span perspective/aproach- | A lifelong process of development |
| when does development begin | at conception |
| reasons for a rise in births | delaying childbirth and fertility drugs |
| dyzygotic in twins: | occur when 2 eggs are released by 2 seperate sperms in the same pregnancy |
| who's chromosomes decide the gender of the baby | the male |
| what can you not consume during pregnancy | alcohol |
| what stage does the baby emerge | stage 2 |
| characteristics of a baby with a high APGAR score | good muscle tone, strong and regular breathing, heart rate over 100 BPM, and pink skin color |
| operant and classical conditioning | classical- uses environment operant- who you are/positive and negative reinforcement |
| object permanence- | knowing that objects continue to exist when they cannot be directly observed or sensed |
| best way babies can learn speech- | consistent, face to face verbal interaction from caregivers |
| deferred immitation- | ability to reproduce an action or behavior after a time delay even though the original model is no longer present |
| first newborn cry and the meaning | shrill rhythmic hunger |
| why would a newborn smile | sleepiness, gas, passing stool |
| what do we first face in Eriksons | trust vs mistrust |
| when do we develop self awareness | at birth |
| how can parents help solve conflict of shame/doubt | encouraging independence |
| self regulation | ability to manage proper behaviors |
| what is the most important element in daycare | good interactions |
| gross motor vs fine motor skills | gross- large muscle groups (running) fine- small muscle groups (writing) |
| how can childhood obesity be reduced | promoting healthy eating and regular physical activity |
| what accident causes the most deaths | motor vehicle |
| egocentrism- | only being able to see your point of view of something |
| 3 types of memory- | sensory- remembering things such as scent short-term- temporary memory long-term- permanent memory |
| who has a biological advantage for survival | females |
| what influences gender differences | biological and sociological factors |
| dramatic play | imaginative, scenario filled play |
| inductive techniques of discipline | parenting that uses reasoning, empathy, explanation, to guide behavior |
| causes of earliest, most frequent, disputes among siblings: | attention and favoritism |
| prosocial behaviors and what stage does this occur | people feel empathy, social responsibility, emerges very early in toddlers |
| in middle Childhood the speed and efficiency of brain processes- | increases |
| in which stage is death rate lowest | childhood |
| how can biking accidents be reduced | helmets |
| what is the American academy of pediactrics stand on trampolines | discouraged |
| how can parents of children experiencing divorce help them cope | prioritize stability |
| open adoption: | birth parents and adoptive parents stay in contact |
| positive nomination and how it relates to middle childhood | peer surveys and reflects a child's social standing |
| children and violence on television influences | violence is the way to solve problems |
| what does psychological maturity depend on | self awareness, and emotional regualtion |
| criteria for adulthood | need to be independent and emotionally mature |
| highest rate of poverty | adults over 65+ |
| benefits of being married | financial stability, increased moods |
| what does depression from childhood to adulthood do | rises from adolescents |
| what type of event would encourage depression in adolescents | ethical dilemmas |
| emotional inteligence | understanding and managing your emotions |
| who is more likely to major in psychology | women |
| adults must build: | strong support groups, prioritize self, and set goals |
| characteristics of gen z | digital natives, diverse, and connected |
| recentering | shifting identity and dependence from family to self |
| 3 steps of recentering | 1. moving out 2. self reliancy 3. commitment |
| why do many young adults final to launch | because of parents |
| social clock | events that happen at sociably acceptable times |
| marital satisfcation | strong communication, trust, respect commitment |
| why do some people choose not have children | financial pressure high cost career |
| fullest form of love | unconditional |
| what part of the life span is the least studied | middle adulthood |
| factors determining beginning/end of middle age | genetics, lifestyle, and culture |
| loss of strength at 45: | age related decline- sarcopenia |
| what causes decline in appearance | loss of cologen |
| what are all affected by feelings | heart, gut, and muscles |
| are people who chew gum less stressed | yes |
| who is in their prime | young adults |
| what is tested | verbal meaning |
| older vs younger worker experience | older workers have more experience, work ethic and critical thinking than younger workers |
| fluid thinking vs crystalized and which one decreases | fluid- problem solving crystalized- skills from life fluid decreases and the other increases |
| mature thinking | reasoning, crystalized intelligence, emotional regulation |
| predictors of retirement age | health, financials, and job demands |
| valid critisisms of midlife crisis | often a myth and poorly defined |
| what is midlife crisis brought on by | aging, mortality, and dreams/realities |
| assimilation | modifying existing schemas |
| what does marriage satisfaction do according to the U | declines then rises again |
| married couples may experience the most stress during: | first 1-3 years |
| majority of mothers | feel sad when children leave |
| transition | shift from one point to another |
| filial maturity | adults recognize their parents as individuals |
| sandwich generation | adults stuck between caring for own children and parents |
| who are peoples longest relationship | siblings |
| traditional age for adulthood | 18 |
| ageism: | discrimination against an age old people are mean |
| fastest growing segement | hispanics, racial/ethnic groups |
| primary and secondary | biological and lifestyle |
| gerontologists | studies aging |
| "young old" | 65-74 years old |
| baby in 2005 vs 1900 | lives 25-30 years longer |
| ratio from women to men comes to 2:1 ratio at: | 90-99 years old |
| senescence | getting old/less function |
| what is the max age | 126 years |
| reserve capacity | extra capacity an organ has and this decreases |
| what part of the brain shrinks the most | prefrontal cortex |
| what do elderly people begin to lose | vision |
| symptoms of elderly depression | irritable, loss of interest, and aches |
| 7 daily activities | financials, shopping, housekeeping, transportation, using a phone, medicine, and meal prep |
| 75 year old woman Erikson stage | integrity vs despair |
| final virtue gained in eriksons | despair |
| wisdom | acceptance of uncertainty and imperfection, difficult emotions, perspective, reality and one's self |
| disengagement theory | aging involves a natural withdrawal order between older adults and society |
| older adults prefer to stay where | home |
| older people rely on who | neighbors |
| desirable traits of a nursing home | clean, safe, and comfortable |
| aging in place | older people live in their own homes and communities as they age |
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