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DAANCE: Module V
DAANCE: Module V Office Anesthesia Emergencies
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is hypoxia? | A deficiency of oxygen in the body's tissues and can be the end result of significant cardiorespiratory complications, occurring more rapidly in children |
| Signs of airway obstruction may include: | Choking, gagging, suprasternal notch retraction, labored breathing, and rapid pulse initially followed by decreased pulse, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest |
| Complete or partial obstruction of the airway during anesthesia is most often due to what in the oropharynx? | Posterior positioning of the tongue |
| If the tongue continues to fall backward in the throat and occludes the airway, what other methods should be utilized to establish the airway? | Airway adjuncts |
| What is the procedure that surgically accesses the airway below the level of the larynx into the trachea? | Tracheostomy |
| What are the four steps of removing a foreign body that is obstructing the airway? | Removal of object only if well-visualized, chest compressions to try expelling object, direct laryngoscopy with forceps and/or suction, then cricothyrotomy if necessary |
| A protective reflex of the vocal cords that attempts to prevent passage of foreign matter into the larynx is called: | Laryngospasm |
| What can be observed during a partial airway obstruction due to a laryngospasm? | Crowing sounds and labored respiratory efforts |
| What can be observed during a complete airway obstruction due to a laryngospasm? | Cessation of crowing sounds, suprasternal retraction, and paradoxical chest movements |
| What medication would be used to treat a laryngospasm? | Succinylcholine |
| A generalized contraction of the smooth muscles of the small bronchi and bronchioles in the lungs, resulting in a restriction of the flow of air to and from the lungs would describe: | Bronchospasm |
| What can be observed during a bronchospasm? | The patient has more difficulty with expiration than with inspiration, wheezing, labored breathing, cyanosis, decreased ventilation patterns on capnograph |
| What occurs when the contents of a patient's stomach enters the lungs secondary to emesis or when a foreign body/fluid inadvertently enters the lungs? | Aspiration |
| What is emesis? | Vomiting or passive regurgitation |
| What is the normal gastric emptying time? | 30-90 minutes |
| Turning the patient on their right side with head down is called the: | Trendelenburg position |
| Breathing at a rate faster than a normal breathing pattern or breathing more deeply than the body requires is described as: | Hyperventilation |
| Hyperventilation results in the patient exhaling too much: | Carbon dioxide |
| When a patient is hyperventilating, do not give: | Oxygen |
| Angina and mycocardial infarction are components of: | Acute coronary syndrome |
| Pain beginning in center of chest and radiating to any areas above the diaphragm is called: | Angina |
| Another name for a heart attack is: | Myocardial infarction (MI) |
| The most common symptoms of MI are: | Chest pain, anxiety, weakness, sweating, cardiac dysrhythmia, and drop in BP |
| What is the acronym for the rapid identification of the interventions necessary to treat the acute coronary syndrome? | MONA |
| What does MONA stand for? | Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin |
| What is the actual order for interventions necessary to treat the acute coronary syndrome? | Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin, Morphine |
| What position should a patient be in when experiencing supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)? | Supine position |
| What medication is administered to treat a patient experiencing symptomatic bradycardia? | Atropine |
| What medication is administered to treat a patient experiencing SVT? | Adenosine |
| This ventricular dysrhythmia occurs when normal rhythm is interrupted by one or more irritable foci in ventricles and may lead to more serious dysrhythmias | Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) |
| What medication is administered to treat a patient experiencing ventricular tachycardia? | Amiodarone |
| With ventricular fibrillation, the heart is not: | Pumping blood |
| Ventricular fibrillation often leads to: | Asystole |
| Normal appearing cardiac rhythm with no pulse is called: | Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) |
| Neither asystole nor PEA can be treated with: | Defibrillation |
| Symptoms such as headache, dizziness, tinnitus, angina, shortness of breath, or signs of stroke describe: | Hypertension |
| Symptoms such as weakness, nausea, impending loss of consciousness, tachycardia or possibly bradycardia describe: | Hypotension |
| What can be observed with an infilatrated IV? | Edema and pain |
| If an IV infiltrates, what should be done? | Stop the infusion and restart the IV at another site |
| What is a hematoma? | Blood leakage into surrounding tissue resulting in firm, tender swelling |
| What is the treatment for a hematoma? | Firm pressure, then moist heat later |
| What is phlebitis? | Irritation/inflammation of the vein resulting in pain, erythema (redness), edema, warmth, and cord-like feeling to vein |
| How is phlebitis treated? | Elevate limb, moist heat, and NSAIDs |
| What can result with an intra-arterial injection? | Amputation of affected limb |
| If catheter is in an artery from accidental intra-arterial IV access, what treatment should be done? | Activate EMS, do NOT remove catheter, inject lidocaine without epinephrine into catheter, and ice pack to limb |
| What are the mild symptoms if blood glucose level falls below 60-65 mg/dL? | Nausea, hunger, tachycardia |
| What are the moderate symptoms if blood glucose level falls below 50 mg/dL? | Irritability, lack of energy, anxiety, and restlessness |
| What are the severe symptoms if blood glucose level falls below 30 mg/dL? | Loss of consciousness, seizures, coma, and hypothermia |
| What drug is administered by IV if a patient is hypoglycemic? | Dextrose |
| What drug is administered by IM if a patient is hypoglycemic? | Glucagon |
| This drug provides resistance to stress, maintains vascular reactivity, increases plasma glucose, and controls metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats: | Corticosteroids |
| Another word for fainting is: | Syncope |
| What should be done when a patient is experiencing syncope? | Place the patient in Trendelenburg position, apply a cool compress to the patient's forehead, administer 100% oxygen, and monitor vitals |
| What causes a seizure? | An abnormal discharge within the brain leading to distorted body movements and flailing |
| What kind of medication should be administered to a patient experiencing a seizure? | Benzodiazepine such as diazepam or midazolam |
| A stroke (CVA) can be defined as: | A neurological impairment lasting more than 24 hours caused by a disruption in blood flow to a region of the brain |
| A patient experiencing paralysis, localized weakness, headache, numbness, slurred speech, aphasia, memory loss, dizziness, blindness in one eye, confusion, loss of consciousness, diplopia, or ataxia would describe: | Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA or stroke) |
| The term for the inability to speak is: | Aphasia |
| The term for double vision is: | Diplopia |
| The term for gait/walking disturbance is: | Ataxia |
| An irritant to the body's immune system is also called: | An antigen |
| A reaction to the body's immune system to an antigen is called: | An allergic reaction |
| How long does it usually take for an immediate allergic reaction to occur after exposure to a sensitizing agent? | An hour |
| About how long does it usually take for a delayed allergic reaction to occur producing a relatively mild nonemergency reaction? | Over an hour |
| What is another term used for a rash? | Urticaria |
| What is another term for swelling of the lips? | Angioedema |
| What is another term for redness? | Erythema |
| Very mild allergic reactions often require: | No treatment other than observation |
| Mild allergic reactions are treated with: | Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
| What are some signs of a mild allergic reaction? | Hives, itching, angioedema, or localized or generalized erythema |
| What is the most severe allergic reaction response and is life-threatening? | Anaphylaxis |
| How quickly does anaphylaxis usually affect one experiencing a severe allergic reaction? | Within 5-10 minutes |
| What is the first drug of choice when treating a patient experiencing anaphylaxis? | Epinephrine |
| With IM, sublingual, or subcutaneous administered epinephrine, the given dose is: | 1:1,000 0.3-0.5 mg |
| With IV administered epinephrine, the given dose is: | 1:10,000 0.2-0.5 mg |
| A genetically transmitted myopathy that is triggered by some inhalation anesthetic agent or succinylcholine is: | Malignant hyperthermia |
| What is the first sign of malignant hyperthermia? | Tachycardia |
| What is another term for inadequate blood volume? | Hypovolemia |
| How would a hemorrhage be treated? | Pressure to the area of hemorrhage, cauterization if necessary, IV fluids, and blood products (if severe) |
| If the IV catheter has bright red flash, this would be indicative of: | An intra-arterial injection |
| What are the early symptoms of an intra-arterial injection? | Significant pain, numbness, and weakness |
Created by:
K_Wheeler94
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