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Mental Health
CLASS 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is mental health defined as? | a state in which the well being of an individual realizes one own potential |
| what can people who have good mental health do? | - cope with normal stresses of life - work productively - contribute to ones community |
| What are the types of eras in mental health? | Aboriginal period Era of confinement Era of Moral Treatment Era of Asylum Establishment |
| what is the foundation of mental and physical health? | - social and emotional well-being for aboriginals |
| why do aboriginal take a holistic view on mental health? | - it connects the land, sea and creatures & spiritually all influence the well being of each other |
| eras of confinement is known as? | - a set of diverse beliefs (spiritual and biological & social explanations that are intertwined in popular conception of mental illness. |
| what happened back in the 1400? | - some europeans towns established small asylums for charitable efforts |
| what were asylums called back then in the 1400? | "madhouses" |
| who was the asylums managed by? | - civilians only the church & doctors were not involved |
| what is bedlam? | in 1370, in london the first ever mental asylum |
| what is Reinier Van Arkel asylum? | in the 1440, this was also a mental asylum (dutch) |
| what was happening to eras of confinement back on the 17th century? | - religious orders under the protection of the church involved themselves with the charity work & poor people relief |
| Congregation of Lazarists & the Congregation of Sisters of Mercy | served as models for nursing: socially respectable endeavour at a time when medical care was hardly available |
| what occurred by the late 18th to 19 century? | - the era of enlightenment - when the middle class started to get concerned with the growing issue of the # of poor people that had "weird" behaviours. |
| what shifted in this time (late 18 - 19 century) in terms of views on mentally ill people? | - by now, the idea that mentally ill people were being seen as rational beings with human nature (like all humans) |
| what occurred in the era of moral treatment? | - revision of reformed minds of physicians which then had an influential role on the way we treat people with mental illness |
| who is philippe pinel? (19th century) | - the first to order that inmates be released from chains - opened windows - feed the patients - treated them with kindness |
| who introduced the idea of moral treatment? | william tuke in 18th centrury |
| who is william tuke? | - member of the society of friends - introduced the idea of moral treatment and humane, teachable approach of proper medical treatment - by now the western world would start to provide sympathetic care for quiet and pleasant environments. |
| what were things that were being done by patients in these more human institutions back in the 18th century? | - weaving & farming |
| what happened back in the era of asylum establishment? | - a more Canadian angle - back then countries that had poor law systems had placed the mentally ill in local jails or poor housing |
| 1835 New Brunswick | - the first to open a mental institution - concerted a hospital to an asylum until a new building could be built |
| 1848 Canadian Province | - the new facility is now in use - by the 20th century, the canadian province has established a public funded asylum |
| when did Canada pass the legislation of "Insanity Act"? | the late 19th century - publicly supported |
| what was the insanity act renamed to? | - the mental health act during the 20th century |
| in todays society, patients are either? | voluntary or certified when their admitted |
| what was life like in the earlier insitutions? | - large number of patients - lack of activities - the use of restraints - many were cut from society - lack of food or clothes |
| what is the mental hygiene movement? | - a movement that was used to try to improve the mindset of the mentally ill |
| who made a bog difference with the mental hygiene movement? | - clifford beers : made a book about his 3 years adventure in both private and state institutions - adolf myer : suggest the name for mental hygiene and supported beer |
| who was charles clarke? | - first to initiate establishing a training school for female nurses |
| what was the male population like in the mental hospitals? | - they were present but training was lower - some places males did not even receive training |
| in western canada what was created in the 20th century for training of nurses? | - a school for nurses to train was opened - opened for males too |
| when was the first book published for mental health and what was it about? | - first book was back on 1920 by harriet bailey - called the nursing mental disease - about the understanding of mental disorders of the time |
| what are the 2 opposing views that were held back in early 1900? | - the belief that mental mental disorders has a biologic origin - the belief that problems were attributed to to environmental & social stresses |
| what happened in the early 20th century for PMH nursing? | - became to develop as a profession - modern day perspectives on mental illness were coming up |
| mental mental disorders has a biologic origin | - 1900 – biologic approaches & physical treatments – with the idea that over strained nerves need rest. - people also thought this could be treated with public interventions |
| what kind of interventions wold the views of biological origin would occur? | - Bed rest - Wet packs entailed wrapping patients with wet sheets - Prolonged baths - Psychosurgery |
| belief that problems were attributed to to environmental & social stresses | - Moral treatment grew out of this idea - notion of prevention advocated by the hygiene movement - Also reflected a psychosocial orientation |
| Evolution of Scientific Thought: Adolf Meyer | attempted to bridge the ideologic gap between the two approaches by introducing the concept of Psychiatric Pluralism |
| Evolution of Scientific Thought: Sigmund Freud (1846-1939) | psychoanalytic movement |
| Evolution of Scientific Thought: 1900 Freud | Freud Psychoanalytic Theory- developed a personality theory based on unconscious motivations or drives. |
| Evolution of Scientific Thought: 1940s | integration of Biologic theories into Psychosocial treatment-Psychopharmacological treatment |
| Evolution of Scientific Thought: 1950s | Chlorpromazine: antipsychotic medication to treat issues like schizophrenia |
| Evolution of Scientific Thought: 1970s | Lithium: used to make patients less crazy or mad |
| what is Psychiatric Pluralism ? | integration of human biologic functions with the environment |
| Post world war 2: in 1940"s | pts in overcrowded and isolated psychiatric hospitals outnumber patients in others hospital facilities |
| Post world war 2: 1950s- 1960s | - universal health insurance for hospital care and medical care generated funding for establishment of psychiatric departments in general hospital |
| Post world war 2: 1970 | - Provinces developed different models and strategies to fund specialized services, such as alcohol and substance abuse treatment programs. |
| what happened with nurses and their roles as mental health providers in the late 20th century ? | - by then nurses continued to be the main providers for patients |
| who is Peplau? 1952 | - published the interpersonal relations and introduced the concepts of interpersonal relations and the importance of a therapeutic relationship. |
| what is the most important tool in psychiatric mental health nursing? | therapeutic use of self |
| what must nurses use in a nurse-clinent relationship | - self-awareness and self-reflection |
| define emotional resilience | the ability to stay calm in challenging situation(s), time and stress management |
| what are some skills must we need to be a good mental health nurse? | - observational - emotional resilience - problem solving - interpersonal communication - ability to advise them on how to deal with their condition |
| what is a mental disorder? | - term for mental illness and refers to a diagnosable health condition based on an accepted classification system with criteria related to alterations in thinking, mood, behaviour and cognition. |
| what can you use to diagnoised mental disorder | - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V TR) - International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems |
| what are the types of Mood Disorders? | Depression, Bipolar Affective Disorder (BAD), Mania |
| what are some Psychotic Disorders? | Schizophrenia, Psychotic Disorder, Psychosis Not Yet Determined, Drug Induced Psychosis |
| what are some Concurrent Disorders? | Addictions and Substance Use along with other mental disorders |
| what are some Personality Disorders? | Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder |
| what are your Neurocognitive Disorders? | Dementia, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s |
| what is addiction? | brain disorder that results from the prolonged effects of the exposure of the brain to drugs |
| what is addiction manifested by? | compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence |
| what is Primary level activities? | - providing information and teaching coping skills to reduce stress - delivered to a healthy population - Example: a nurse teaching parenting skills in a well-baby clinic |
| what is secondary level activities? | - Early detection and treatment of psychiatric symptoms with a goal of minimizing impairment - Services provided in a community or out-patient setting - Example: nurse conducting a screening for depression at a work site |
| what is third level activities? | - Treatment of psychiatric symptoms and address residual impairments in patients - Specialized services provided in a clinic or hospital - Example: nurse providing treatment on an in-patient unit or at a rehab clinic |
Created by:
meagan.ho
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