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Health Ch.2
Food for Vitality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| minerals | nutrients from the soil that are found in many foods you eat |
| calcium | a mineral contained in food and needed by the body; helps form strong bones and teeth; the most common mineral found in your body |
| phosphorus | a mineral that works with calcium and is needed by the body for making strong bones and teeth |
| osteoporosis | a disease in which the bones of adults become full of holes and are easily fractured; caused by a lack of calcium |
| magnesium | a mineral that the body needs more of when involved in long-endurance activites |
| sodium | a mineral found in table salt, processed foods, baking powder and baking soda |
| potassium | a mineral that aids the normal functioning of the nervous system and circulatory system |
| trace elements | a mineral, such as iron, iodine, copper, manganese, or zinc, that is necessary in very small amounts to keep the body functioning properly |
| iron | a trace element that is recycled by the liver; necessary for the production of red blood cells; helps your blood stay healthy |
| anemia | a condition in which the body has insufficient red blood cells |
| iodine | a trace element found in the soil and ocean water; necessary for the thyroid gland to function properly |
| goiter | a lack of iodine that cause an enlarged thyroid gland causing a swelling in the neck |
| zinc | a trace element that is necessary for normal growth, healing of wounds, and proper functioning of the immune system |
| vitamin D | the "sunshine vitamin" |
| vitamin C | a water-soluble vitamin found in citrus fruits that you need daily |
| Vitamin K | the fat-soluble vitamin that helps your blood clot |
| vitamin A | the vitamin your body can manufacture from carotene; that helps your eyesight |
| B vitamins | eight vitamins that work together |
| proteins | provides your body with material for growth and repair |
| carbohydrates | foods containing sugar and starch |
| fats and oils | should only be a very small part of the food you eat |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| nutrients | substances found in food that help your body grow and develop |
| balanced diet | a diet containing all the nutrients necessary to keep you healthy |
| Calorie | the measurement of the amount of energy in food |
| metabolism | the process by which your body produces and uses energy from food |
| milk | the best source of calcium |
| malnutrition | another name for poor nutrition |
| osteoporosis | a disease in which the bones of adults become fragile |
| rickets | a disease caused by a lack of vitamin D |
| Anemia | a condition in which a person has too few red blood cells |
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