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Chapter 7 Flashcard
All terms from chapter 7!
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Aden/o | Gland |
adren/o , adrenal/o | Adrenal gland |
Cortic/o | Outer surface |
Gonad/o | Gonads (sex organs) |
Pancreat/o | Pancreas |
Pituitar/o , hypophys/o | Pituitary gland |
Thym/o | Thymus |
Thyr/o , thyroid/o | Thyroid |
Gluc/o , glucos/o , glyc/o | Sugar |
Crin/o | To secrete |
Hormon/o | Hormone |
Ket/o | Ketone body |
-tropin | Stimulating horomone |
-emia | Blood condition |
-uria | Urine condition |
Adenalgia | Pain in a gland |
Adrenal virilism | Development of male secondary sexual charateristics caused by excessive secretion of adrenal gland |
Adrenarche | Beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
Hirsutism | Excessive growth of facial & body hair in women |
Amenorrhea | Lack of menstrual flow |
Gynecomastia | Development of breast tissue in males |
Hypergonadism | Condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands |
Hypogondism | Condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands |
Menarche | Beginning / first menstruation |
Thelarche | Beginning of breast development |
Hypoglycemic | Pertaining to low blood sugar |
Pancreatagia | Pain in the pancreas |
Polydipsia | Excessive thirst |
Polyphagia | Excessive eating |
Polyuria | Excessive urination |
Acromegaly | Abnormal enlargement of the extremities |
Galactorrhea | Discharge of milk |
Pituitary dwarfism | Abnormally short height |
Pituitary gigantism | Abnormally tall height |
Exopthalmos | Protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket |
Goiter | Swollen thyroid gland |
Thyrocele | Another name for goiter |
Thyromegaly | Enlargement of thyroid |
Thyroptosis | Downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid |
Adicemia | Abnormal acidity of the blood |
Alkalemia | Abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood |
Calciuria | Calcium in the urine |
Choremia | Increased chloride in the blood |
Euglycemia | Good blood sugar |
Glucosuria | Sugar in the urine |
Hypercalcemia | Excessive calcium in the blood |
Hypercholesterolemia | Excessive cholesterol in the blood |
Hyperglycemia | High blood sugar |
Hyperkalemia | Excessive potassium in the blood |
Hyperlipidemia | Excessive fat in the blood |
Hypernatremia | Excessive sodium in the blood |
Hyperphosphatemia | Excessive phosphate in the blood |
Hypoglycemia | Low blood sugar |
Ketonuria | Ketone bodies in the urine |
Polyuria | Excessive urination |
Uremia | Presence of urinary waste in the blood |
Adrenaline | Hormone secreted by the adrenal gland |
Epinephrine | Hormone secreted by adrenal gland |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland |
Corticotropin | Shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone |
Glucagon | Hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels |
Glucoirticoid | Hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism |
Gonadotropin | Hormone that stimulates the gonads |
Insulin | Hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls metabolism & uptake of sugar and fats |
Thyrotropin | Hormone that stimulates the thyroid |
Adenomegaly | Abnormal enlargement of a gland |
Adrenomegaly | Abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland |
Euthyroid | Normal functioning thyroid |
Gluconeogenesis | Formation of glucose from non carbohydrate sources |
Glycolysis | Breakdown of sugar |
Glycopenia | Deficiency of sugar |
Gonadogenesis | Creation/development of gonads |
Metabolism | Breakdown of matter into energy |
Endocrine | To secrete internally (to bloodstream) |
Endocrinologist | Specialist in internal secretions |
Exocrine | To secrete externally (to surface of organ, swear glands, saliva glands) |
Glycemic index | Ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood |
Ketogenesis | Creation of ketone bodies |
Cholangiopancreatography | Procedure used to examine the bile ducts & pancreas |
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | Procedure to examine the bile ducts & pancreas in which an endoscope is pass backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct |
Adenitis | Inflammation of a gland |
Adenopathy | Gland disease |
Adenosis | Gland condition |
Dysmetabolic syndrome | Combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism |
Ketosis | Condition characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood |
Polyadenopathy | Disease involving many glands |
Adrenal insufficiency | Condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones |
Adrenalitis | Inflammation of the adrenal gland |
Adrenocortical insufficiency | Condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones |
Adrenocorticohyperplasia | Overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland |
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | Genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certrain hormones & an overproduction of others |
Diabetes mellitus | Metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination & hyperglycemia |
Diabetic ketoacidosis | Acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; this, it must burn fat for energy |
Pancreatic pseudocyst | Abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst |
Pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas |
Pancreatolith | Stone in the pancreas |
Pancreatolithiasis | Presence of a stone in the pancreas |
Hyperpituitarism | Overfunctioning of the pituitary gland |
Hypophysitis | Inflammation of the pituitary gland |
Hypopituitarism | Condition caused by the undersecretion of the pituitary gland |
Panhypopituitarism | Defective/absent function of the entire pituitary gland |
Pituitary infarction | Death of the pituitary gland |
Hyperparathyroidism | Overproduction by the parathyroid glands |
Hyperthyroidism | Overproduction by the thyroid |
Hypoparathyroidism | Underproduction by the parathyroid |
Hypothyroidism | Underproduction of the thyroid |
Thyrotoxicosis | Condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone |
Adenocrcinoma | Cancerous tumor of a gland |
Ademoma | Glandular tumor |
Adrenal adenoma | Tumor of the adrenal gland |
Addrenocortical carcinoma | Cancerous tumor originating in the cortex of the adrenal gland |
Insulinoma | Tumor that secretes insulin |
Parathyroidoma | Tumor of the parathyroid |
Pituitary adenoma | Tumor on the pituitary gland |
Thymoma | Tumor of thymus |
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | Continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin |
Thyroidotoxin | Substance poisonous to the thyroid gland |
Adenectomy | Removal of a gland |
Ketogenic diet | Diet that aids in production of ketones in the body |
Thymectomy | Removal of the thymus |
Adrenalectomy | Removal of the adrenal gland |
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy | Removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope |
Pancreatectomy | Removal of the pancreas |
Pancreatolithectomy | Removal of a stone in the pancreas |
Hypophysectomy | Removal of the pituitary gland |
Parathyroidectomy | Removal of the parathyroid |
Thyroidectomy | Removal of the thyroid |
Thyroidotomy | Incision into the thyroid |
Thyroparathyroidectomy | Removal of thyroid & parathyroid glands |
ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
BS | Blood sugar |
CGM | Continuous glucose monitor |
DI | Diabetes isipidus |
DM | Diabetes mellitus |
ERCP | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreotography |
FBS | Fasting blood sugar |
GDM | Gestational diabetes mellitus |
GH | Growth hormone |
GTT | Glucose tolerance test |
HgA1C | Hemoglobin A1C test |
HRT | Hormone replacement therapy |
TFT | Thyroid function test |
TSH | Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
T3 | Triiodothyronine |
T4 | Thyroxine |