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Chapter 6 Terms
Medical Terminology Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anti* | against |
| carcin/o* | cancerous |
| immun/o* | immune, protection, safe |
| lymph/o* | lymph, lymphatic tissue |
| lymphaden/o* | lymph node or gland |
| lymphangi/o* | lymph vessel |
| neo, ne/o* | new, strange |
| -oma* | tumor |
| onc/o* | tumor |
| phag/o* | eat, swallow |
| -plasm* | formative material of cells |
| sarc/o* | flesh, connective tissue |
| splen/o* | spleen |
| -tic* | pertaining to |
| tox/o* | poison, poisonous |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome* | |
| allergen* | a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual. |
| anaphylaxis* | a severe response to an allergen, also known as a systemic reaction. |
| antibiotics* | |
| antibody* | a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen. (anti=against) |
| antifungal* | |
| antigen* | any substance that the body regards as being foreign. |
| antigen-antibody reaction* | involves binding antigens to antibodies. |
| autoimmune disorder* | any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens. |
| bacilli* | |
| bacteria* | |
| benign* | |
| candidiasis* | |
| carcinoma* | |
| carcinoma in situ* | |
| complement system* | a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive from. |
| COVID-19* | |
| cytokines* | a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by T cells. |
| cytomegalovirus* | |
| cytotoxic drug* | |
| ductal carcinoma in situ* | |
| hemolytic* | function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse. (hem/o=blood, -lytic=destroy) |
| herpes zoster* | |
| Hodgkin's lymphoma* | |
| human immunodeficiency virus* | a blood-borne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening opportunistic infections. |
| immunoglobulins* | bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response. |
| immunosuppressant* | |
| immunotherapy* | |
| infiltrating ductal carcinoma* | |
| interferons* | produced in response to the presence of antigens, particulary viruses or tumor cells. |
| lymphadenopathy* | any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes. (lymphaden/o=lymph node, -pathy=disease) |
| lymphangioma* | a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. (lymph=lymph, angi=lymph vessel, -oma=tumor) |
| lymphedema* | swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues. (lymph=lymph, edema=swelling) |
| lymphocytes* | leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells. (lymph/o=lymph, -cytes=cells) |
| lymphoma* | |
| lymphoscintigraphy* | a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels. |
| macrophage* | a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells. (macro=large, -phage=cell that eats) |
| malaria* | |
| malignant* | |
| mammography* | |
| metastasis* | |
| metastasize* | |
| myoma* | |
| myosarcoma* | |
| non-Hodgkin's lymphoma* | |
| opportunistic infection* | |
| osteosarcoma* | |
| parasite* | |
| rabies* | |
| rickettsia* | |
| rubella* | |
| sarcoma* | |
| spirochetes* | |
| splenomegaly* | an abnormal enlargement of the spleen. (splen/o=spleen, -megaly=enlargement) |
| staphylococci* | |
| systemic reaction* | a severe response to an allergen. Also known as anaphylaxis. |
| teletherapy* | |
| toxoplasmosis* | |
| varicella* | |
| lacteals | specialized structures of the lymphatic system that absorb those fats that cannot be transported by the boodstream. |
| interstitial fluid | plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries and then flows into the spaces between the cells of the tissues. |
| lymph | a clear, watery fluid containing electrolytes and proteins. |
| lymphatic circulatory system | works closely with the blood circulatory system often referred to as the secondary circulatory system. |
| lymphatic capillaries | microscopic, blind-ended tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness. |
| lymphatic vessles | located deeper within the tissues, have valves to prevent the backward flow of lymph. |
| right lymphatic duct | collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body, and the right arm. |
| thoracic duct | largest lymphatic vessel, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the body, the left arm, and the entire lower portion of the truck and both legs. |
| lymph node | contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens. |
| cervical lymph nodes | located along the sides of the neck. (cervic=neck, -al=pertaining to) |
| axillary lymph nodes | located under the arms (armpits). (axill=armpit, -ary=pertaining to) |
| inguinal lymph nodes | located in the groin area of the lower abdomen. (ingui=groin, -al=pertaining to) |
| natural killer cells | play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses. |
| B cells | specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies. |
| plasma cells | develop from B cells and secrete a large volume of antibodies coded to destroy specific antigens. |
| T cells | play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. Originate in the thymus. |
| interleukins | play multiple roles in the immune system, including directing B and T cells to divide and proliferate. |
| tonsils | three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat. |
| adenoids | located in the nasopharynx which is the upper part of the pharynx. |
| palatine tonsils | located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible at the back of the mouth. |
| lingual tonsils | located at the base of the tongue, but not readily visible. |
| thymus | a mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart. |
| vermiform appendix | hangs from the lower portion of the cecum, which is the first section of the large intestine. |
| spleen | a sac-like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. |
| intact skin | wraps the body in a physical barrier to prevent invading organisms from entering the body. |
| respiratory system | traps breathed-in foreign matter with nose hairs and the moist mucous membrane lining of the respiratory system. |
| digestive system | uses the acids and enzymes produced by the stomach to destroy invaders that are swallowed or consumed with food. |
| lymphatic system | work with specialized leukocytes in specific ways to attack and destroy pathogens that have succeeded in entering the body. |
| tolerance | an acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen |
| phagocytes | specialized leukocytes that act as part of the antigen-antibody reaction by destroying substances such as cell debris, dust, pollen and pathogens by the process of phagocytosis. (phag/o=eat or swallow, -cyte=cell) |
| monocytes | leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms. |
| dendritic cells | specialized leukocytes that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections. |
| immunity | the state of being resistant to a specific disease. |
| natural immunity | resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease. |
| acquired immunity | obtained by having had a contagious disease or receiving a vaccination. |
| allergist | specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic reactions. |
| infectious disease specialist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. |
| immunologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system. (immun=protected, -ologist=specialist) |
| lymphologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system. (lymp=lymphatic system, -ologist=specialist) |
| oncologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer. (onc=tumor, -ologist=specialist) |
| lymphadenitis | an inflammation of the lymph nodes. Also known as swollen glands. (lymphaden=lymph node -itis=inflammation) |
| ruptured spleen | medical emergency that occurs when the covering of the spleen is torn, usually as the result of a blow to the abdomen. |
| bioimpedance spectroscopy | a noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema. Measure the resistance to an electrical current passed through the affected limb. |
| allergic reaction | occurs when the body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen such as pollen, food, or animal dander as if it were a dangerous invador. |
| allergy | an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen. |
| localized allergic response | includes redness, itching, and burning where the skin has come into contact with an allergen. |
| antihistamines | medications administered to relieve or prevent the symptoms of allergy to wind-borne pollens and other types of allergies. |
| immunodeficiency disorder | occurs when the immune response is compromised. |
| severe combined immunodeficiency | an inherited condition in which abnormalities in the immune system cause an increased susceptibility to infection and failure to thrive as a result of infections. |
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