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Health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| health | the combination of mental, physical, and social well-being |
| spiritual health | a deep-seated sense of meaning and purpose in life |
| wellness | an overall state of well-being or total health |
| chronic disease | an ongoing condition or illness |
| heredity | all the traits that are biologically passed on to people from their parents |
| environment | the sum of your surroundings |
| peers | people your age who share similar interests |
| culture | the collective beliefs, customs, and behaviors of a group |
| media | various methods for communicating information delivered via technology |
| technology | radio, television, and the internet |
| risk behaviors | actions that can potentially threaten your health or the health of others |
| cumulative risks | related risks that increase in effect with each risk |
| prevention | getting regular medical and dental checkups to detect health problems |
| abstinence | a deliberate decision to avoid high-risk behaviors, including sexual activity and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs |
| lifestyle factors | the personal habits or behaviors related to the way a person lives |
| health education | providing accurate health information and teaching health skills to help people make healthy decisions |
| Healthy People | a nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan designed to serve as a guide for improving the health of all people in the United States |
| health disparities | differences in health outcomes among groups due to factors like gender, race, education, disability, and location |
| health literacy | a person's capacity to learn about and understand basic health information and services, and to use these resources to promote one's health and wellness |
| mental/emotional health | the ability to accept yourself and others, express and manage emotions, and deal with the demands and challenges you meet in your life |
| resilience | the ability to adapt well and recover from disappointment, difficulty, or crisis |
| self-esteem | how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself |
| competence | having enough skills to do something |
| hierarchy of needs | a ranked list of needs essential to human beings, beginning with basic needs and increasing towards the need to reach your highest potential |
| self-actualization | to strive to be the best you can |
| personal identity | your sense of yourself as a unique individual |
| role model | someone who's success or behavior serves as an example for you |
| personality | a complex set of characteristics that make you unique and determine how you will act or react in certain situations |
| character | the distinctive qualities that describe how a person thinks, feels, and behaves |
| integrity | a firm observance of core ethical values |
| constructive criticism | non-hostile comments that point out problems and encourage improvement |
| emotions | signals that tell your body and mind how to react |
| hormones | chemicals produced by your glands that regulate the activities of different body cells |
| hostility | the intentional use of unfriendly or offensive behavior |
| empathy | the ability to imagine and understand how someone else feels |
| defense mechanisms | mental processes that protect individuals from strong or stressful emotions and/or situations |
| relationship | a bond or connection you have with someone else |
| friendship | a significant relationship between two people that is based on trust, caring, and consideration |
| citizenship | the way you conduct yourself as a member of the community |
| role | the part you play in your relationships |
| cooperation | working together for the common good |
| compromise | a problem-solving method in which each participant gives up something to reach a solution that satisfies everyone |
| prejudice | an unfair opinion or judgement of a particular group of people |
| stereotype | an exaggerated or oversimplified belief about people who belong to a certain group |
| tolerance | the ability to accept others differences |
| bullying | deliberately harming or threatening other people who cannot easily defend themselves |
| hazing | making others perform certain tasks in order to join your group |
| aggressive | overly forceful, pushy, or hostile |
| passive | unwilling or unable to express thoughts and feelings in a direct or firm manner |
| "I" message | a statement that focuses on your feelings rather than someone else's behavior |
| active listening | paying close attention to what someone is saying and communicating |
| body language | nonverbal communication through gestures, facial expressions, behavior, and posture |
| conflict | a disagreement, struggle, or fact |
| interpersonal conflicts | conflicts between people or groups of people |
| escalation | when a conflict becomes more serious |
| negotiation | the use of communication and compromise to settle disagreements |
| mediation | bringing in a neutral third party to help others resolve their conflict |
| confidentiality | a mediator respecting the privacy of both parties and keeping details secret |
| peer mediation | a process in which specially trained students help other students resolve conflict peacefully |
| violence | the threatened or actual use of physical force to harm another person or damage property |
| assault | an unlawful physical attack or threat of attack |
| random violence | violence committed for no particular reason |
| sexual violence | any form of unwelcome sexual contact directed at an individual |
| sexual assault | any intentional sexual attack against other person |
| rape | any form of sexual intercourse that takes place against a person's will |
| physical abuse | a pattern of intentionally causing bodily harm or injury to another person |
| emotional abuse | a pattern of attacking another person's emotional development and sense of worth |
| verbal abuse | the use of words to mistreat or injure another person |
| sexual abuse | a pattern of sexual contact that is forced upon another person against their will |
| stalking | repeatedly following, harassing, or threatening an individual |
| nutrition | the process by which your body takes in and uses food |
| nutrients | substances in food that your body needs to grow, repair, and provide itself with energy |
| calorie | a unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food |
| hunger | the natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food |
| apetite | the psychological desire for food |
| carbohydrates | starches and sugars found in food that are the body's main source of energy |
| fiber | a carbohydrate that the body cannot digest that strengthens your digestive system |
| proteins | nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues |
| cholestorol | a waxy substance in your blood needed to create cell walls, hormones, and vitamin D |
| vitamins | compounds found in food that help regulate bodily processes |
| minerals | elements found in food that are used by the body |
| osteoporosis | a condition resulting from malnourishment in which the bones become fragile and break easier |
| Dietary Guidelines for Americans | a set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans published by the USDA and HHS |
| MyPlate | an interactive guide to healthy eating and active living |
| nutrient-dense | foods that have a high ratio of nutrients to calories |
| food additives | substances added to food to keep it safe for a longer period of time, boost its nutrient content, or to improve taste, texture, or appearance |
| foodborne illness | food poisoning from pathogens |
| pasteurization | the treatment of a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens |
| cross-contamination | the spreading of pathogens from one food item to another |
| food allergy | a condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substances in some foods |
| food intolerance | a negative reaction to food that doesn't include the immune system |
| metabolism | the process by which the body breaks down substances and gets energy from food |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | a measure of body weight relative to height |
| overweight | heavier than the standard weight range for your height |
| obese | having an excess of body fat |
| underweight | below the standard weight range for your height |
| body image | the way you see your body |
| fad diets | weight loss plans that tend to be popular only for a short period of time |
| weight cycling | a repeated pattern of losing and regaining weight |
| eating disorders | extreme, harmful eating behaviors that can cause serious illness and death |
| anorexia | an eating disorder in which an intense fear of weight gain causes a person to starve themselves |
| bulimia | an eating disorder that involves cycles of overeating and purging, or attempts to rid the body of the food by throwing up or exercising |
| binge eating disorder | an eating disorder in which people overeat compulsively |
| vegetarian | a person who eats mostly or only plant-based foods |
| dietary supplements | products that supply one or more nutrients as a supplement to, not a substitute for, healthful foods |
| performance enhancers | substances that boost athletic ability like steroids, creatine, and caffeine |
| herbal supplements | dietary supplements containing plants |
| megadosing | taking a large dose of a supplement or performance-enhancing drugs |
| physical activity | any form of movement that your body uses energy for |
| physical fitness | the ability to carry out daily tasks easily and have enough reserved energy to respond to unexpected demands |
| exercise | purposeful physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and that improves or maintains your physical fitness |
| sedentary | involving little physical activity |
| cardiorespiratory endurance | the ability of your heart, lungs, and blood vessels to send fuel and oxygen to your tissues during long periods of moderate to rigorous activity |
| muscular strength | the amount of force your muscles can exert |
| muscular endurance | the ability of your muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without tiring |
| flexibility | the ability to move your body parts through their full ranges of motion |
| aerobic exercise | all rhythmic activities that use large muscle groups for an extended period of time |
| anaerobic exercise | intense, short bursts of activity in which the muscles work so hard that they produce energy without using oxygen |
| specificity | choosing the right types of activities to improve a given element of fitness |
| overload | exercising at a level that's beyond your regular daily activities |
| progression | gradually increasing the demands on your body |
| warm-up | gentle cardiovascular activity that prepares the muscles for more intense work |
| workout | the part of exercise when you are working at your highest peak |
| cool-down | low-level activity that prepares your body to return to a resting state |
| resting heart rate | the number of times your heart beats per minute when you are not active |
| frostbite | damage to the skin and tissues caused by extreme cold |
| hypothermia | dangerously low body temperature as a result of exposure to extreme cold, submersion in cold water, or wet clothing in cold or windy weather |
| overexertion | overworking your body |
| heat exhaustion | a form of physical stress on the body caused by overheating; heavy sweating, dizziness, fainting, etc. |
| heatstroke | a dangerous condition in which the body loses its ability to cool itself through perspiration and can result in sudden death |
| muscle cramps | sudden and painful contractions of the muscles that can occur when muscles are tired, overworked, or dehydrated |
| strains | result from overstretching or tearing a muscle that includes pain, swelling, and difficulty moving |
| sprains | injuries to the ligaments surrounding a joint that produce pain, swelling, and stiffness |
| addictive drug | a substance that causes psychological or physiological dependence |
| nicotine | the addictive stimulant in tobacco leaves |
| stimulant | a drug that increases the speed of the central nervous system, heart, and other organs |
| carcinogen | a cancer-causing substance |
| tar | a dark, sticky fluid produced when tobacco burns |
| carbon monoxide | a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas found in cigarette smoke |
| smokeless tobacco | tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed |
| leukoplakia | thickened, white spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer caused by smokeless tobacco |
| nicotine withdrawal | the process that occurs in the body when the addictive drug nicotine is no longer used |
| nicotine substitutes | products that deliver small amounts of nicotine to the body while the user tries to give up their habit |
| Tobacco Cessation Program | a course that provides information and help people who want to quit using tobacco |
| secondhand smoke | air that is contaminated by tobacco smoke |
| mainstream smoke | the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker |
| sidestream smoke | the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar |
| ethanol | the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages |
| fermentation | the chemical action of yeast on sugars as a method of producing synthetic ethanols |
| depressant | a drug that slows the central nervous system |
| intoxication | the state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance, and the person's mental and physical control is reduced |
| binge drinking | drinking five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting |
| alcohol poisoning | a severe and potentially fatal reaction to an alcohol overdose |
| psychological dependence | a condition in which a person believes a drug is needed in order to feel good or function normally |
| physiological dependence | a condition in which a drug user's body has a chemical need for a drug |
| alcohol abuse | the excessive use of alcohol |
| alcoholism | a disease in which a person has a physical or physiological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol |
| Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) | the amount of alcohol in a person's blood, expressed as a percentage |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | a group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems |
| alcoholic | an addict who is dependent on alcohol |
| sobriety | living without alcohol or drugs |
| substance abuse | any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes |
| overdose | a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug |
| marijuana | a plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are smoked for their intoxicating effects |
| paranoia | the irrational suspiciousness or distrust of others that marijuana users may feel |
| inhalants | substances whose fumes are sniffed or otherwise inhaled for an intoxicating effect |
| anabolic-androgenic steroids | synthetic substances similar to male sex hormones |
| psychoactive drugs | chemical that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain |
| designer drugs | synthetic drugs that are made to imitate the effects of other drugs |
| hallucinogens | drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions, including vision, hearing, smell, and touch |
| opiates/narcotics | drugs derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only through a prescription and are used to relieve pain; morphine, oxycodone, etc. |
| Drug-Free School Zone | areas within 1,000 feet or 1,500 feet of schools within which people caught selling drugs receive especially harsh penalties |
| drug watches | organized community efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol, monitor, report, and try to stop drug use and abuse |
| rehabilitation | the process of medical and psychological treatment for dependence on alcohol or a drug |
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