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Health Chapter 14
Health - Garland
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The skeletal system consists of | 206 bones |
| Cartilage | a strong flexible connective tissue that cushions bones from each other |
| Ligaments | bands of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue; bone to bone |
| Tendons | fibrous tissue; muscle to bone |
| Joints | points at which the bones meet |
| Scoliosis | a lateral or side-to-side curvature of the spine |
| Hairline fracture | parts of the bone do not separate |
| Transverse fracture | clean break across the bone |
| Comminuted fracture | break into more than two pieces |
| Joint injuries | dislocation, torn cartilage, bursitis, bunions, arthritis |
| Osteoporosis | the progressive loss of bone tissue |
| Involuntary muscles | work without you thinking about them working |
| Smooth muscles | act on the lining of the body’s passageways and hollow internal organs; involuntary |
| Skeletal muscles | attached to the bone and cause movement; voluntary |
| Flexor muscles | close a joint |
| Extensor muscles | opens a joint |
| Cardiac Muscle | striated muscle that forms the walls of the heart; involuntary |
| Bruises | blood vessels beneath the skin that have ruptured and leaked |
| Muscle strains | a muscle is stretched and partially torn from overexertion |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of the tendons |
| Hernia | an organ or tissue that protrudes through an area of weak muscle |
| Muscular dystrophy | skeletal muscle fibers are progressively destroyed |
| Central Nervous System | consists of the brain and spinal cord; receives messages from the nerves |
| Peripheral Nervous System | includes nerves and sensory receptors; gathers information from inside and outside the body |
| Autonomic Nervous System | controls involuntary functions of the digestive system and heart rate |
| Sympathetic system | activates fight or flight |
| Parasympathetic system | calms the body down |
| Neurons (nerve cells) | transmit messages to and from the spinal cord and brain |
| Sensory neurons | carry messages from receptors to the CNS |
| Motor neurons | carry messages from the CNS to muscles and glands |
| Interneurons | connect with other neurons |
| Cell body | contains the nucleus; central part of the neuron |
| Dendrites | receive info |
| Axons | transmit pulses |
| Cerebrum | largest and most complex part of the brain; for thought, learning, and memory |
| Frontal lobe | controls voluntary movement |
| Parietal lobe | sensory info |
| Occipital lobe | sight |
| Temporal lobe | hearing, smell, memory, thought, and judgment |
| Cerebellum | 2nd largest part of the brain; controls the movement of the skeletal system |
| Brain Stem | connects the cerebrum to the spinal cord and cerebellum |
| Medulla Oblongata | heartbeat, respiratory rate, and reflexes |
| Pons | breathing and facial muscles |
| Midbrain | eyeball movement and turning of the head |
| Thalamus | relays sensory info from the eyes, ears, & skin |
| Hypothalamus | body temperature, appetite, sleep, and secretions |
| Epilepsy | recurrent seizures caused by uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain |
| Cerebral Palsy | result of drain bamage during or right after birth |
| Concussion | blows to the head that cause swelling of the brain |
Created by:
annabelle.mills
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